Income inequalities and poverty in Slovakia: Development and changes

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.30.2.12
Crossmark check for up

Keywords:

income inequalities, at risk of poverty, income profile of regional societies

Abstract

Slovakia is a suitable object for the study of income inequalities. The dynamic development of the country in recent years has significantly changed the social situation of its inhabitants. This development made visible the already considerable inequalities of income and wealth at the regional level (rich West and poor East), between the city and the countryside (richer cities and poorer lagging countryside), but also among the considerably wealthy elite and marginalised populations. This contribution has three objectives. The first is to capture the development of income inequality and poverty in Slovakia, the second is to capture the distribution of income at different geographic scales, and the third is to identify low-income regions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ALLIANZ (2019), Global Wealth Report 2019, https://www.allianz.com/en/economic_ research/publications/specials_fmo/GWR2019_18092019.html [accessed on: 14.05.2022].
Google Scholar

ASPE (2013), Change in poverty by select demographic groups: 2007–2012. Office of Human Services Policy, Issue brief, https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/change-child-poverty-selected-demographic-characteristics-2007-2012 [accessed on: 17.09.2022]
Google Scholar

COBHAM, A. and SUMNER, A. (2013), Is it all about the tails? The Palma measure of income inequality. CGD Working Paper 343. Washington, DC, USA: Centre for Global Development, http://www.cgdev.org/publication/it-all-about-tails-palma-measure-income-inequality [accessed on: 26.03.2022].
Google Scholar

DORLING, D. and PRITCHARD, J. (2010), ‘The geography of poverty, inequality and wealth in the UK and abroad: because enough is never enough’, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 10 (3), pp. 81−106.
Google Scholar

DUIELLA, M. and TURRINI, A. (2014), Poverty developments in the EU after the crisis: a look at main drivers, ECFIN Economic Brief, 31, pp. 1−10. doi:10.2765/72447
Google Scholar

EZCURRA, R., PASCUAL, P. and RAPÚN, M. (2007), ‘The spatial distribution of income inequality in the European Union’, Environment and Planning, 39 (4), pp. 869–890.
Google Scholar

EUROSTAT (2022), Database, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database [accessed on: 03.01.2023].
Google Scholar

FRANCIS-DEVINE, B., BOOTH, L. and MCGUINNESS, F. (2019), Poverty in the UK: statistics. Briefing paper, number 7096, (2 July 2019).
Google Scholar

FÖRSTER, M., JESUIT, D. and SMEEDING, T. (2005), ‘Regional poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: evidence from the Luxembourg income study’, [in:] KANBUR, R. and VENABLES, A. J. (eds), Spatial inequality and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 311–347.
Google Scholar

GAJDOŠ, P. and PAŠIAK, J. (2006), Regionálny rozvoj Slovenska z pohľadu priestorovej sociológie (Regional development of Slovakia from the point of view of spatial sociology), Bratislava: Sociologický ústav SAV, NK UNESCO MOST.
Google Scholar

GRAY, D., MILLS, J, A. and ZANDVAKILI, M. S. (2004), ‘An analysis of differential provincial income inequality trends in Canada’, [in:] BISHOP, J. A. and AMIEL, Y. (eds), Studies on Economic Well-Being: Essays in the Honour of John P. Formby ( Research on Economic Inequality, 12), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-2585(04)12018-8
Google Scholar

CHAUDRY, A., WIMER, CH., MACARTNEY, S., FROHLICH, L., CAMPBELL, C., SWENSON, C., OELLERICH, D. and HAUAN, S. (2016), Poverty in the United States: 50-Year trends and safety Net impacts office of Human services policy office of the Assistant secretary for planning and evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Google Scholar

JOSEPH ROWNTREE FOUNDATION (JRF), UK Poverty 2017. A comprehensive analysis of poverty trends and figures. Report by the JRF Analysis Unit. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Google Scholar

KOREC, P., ONDOŠ, S. and RUSNÁK, J. (2016), ‘Regionálne disparity na Slovensku; niekoľko poznámok k ich bádaniu (Regional disparities in Slovakia; some remarks on their research)’, Acta Geographica Universitatis Comenianae, 60 (2), pp. 257−293.
Google Scholar

MADAJOVÁ, M., MICHÁLEK, A. and PODOLÁK, P. (2014), ‘Úroveň regionálnych disparít na Slovensku a jej zmena v období rokov 2001-2011 (The level of regional disparities in Slovakia and its changes in 2001-2011)’, Geographia Slovaca, 28, pp. 127−152.
Google Scholar

MATLOVIČ, R., KLAMÁR, R. and MATLOVIČOVÁ, K. (2008), ‘Vývoj regionálnych disparít začiatkom 21. storočia na Slovensku vo svetle vybraných indikátorov (Development of regional disparities in Slovakia at the beginning of 21st century based on the selected indicators)’, Regionální studia, 2, pp. 2−12.
Google Scholar

MATLOVIČ, R. and MATLOVIČOVÁ, K. (2011), ‘Regionálne disparity a ich riešenie na Slovensku v rozličných kontextoch (Regional disparities and their solution in Slovakia in the various contexts)’, Prírodné vedy, Folia Geographica, LIII (18), pp. 8−88.
Google Scholar

MICHÁLEK, A. and VÝBOŠŤOK, J. (2019), ‘Economic growth, inequalities and poverty in Slovakia from 2005 to 2015 (the analysis of relations and contexts at a regional level)’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 25 (1), pp. 55−74. https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.25. 1.04
Google Scholar

MICHÁLEK, A. et al. (2020), Príjmové nerovnosti a ich prejavy v regiónoch Slovenska (Income inequality and their effects in regions of Slovakia). Bratislava: Veda. MUFFELS, R., FOUARGE, D. and DEKKER, R. (2000), Longitudinal poverty and income inequality: a comparative panel study for the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. MPRA Paper No. 13298. OSA Institute for Labour Studies.
Google Scholar

PALMA, J, G. (2011), Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the ‘Inverted-U’: the share of the rich is what it’s all about. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics (CWPE) 1111, Cambridge University, Great Britain: Retrieved: 19 March 2013.
Google Scholar

PAREDES, D., ITURRA, V. and LUFIN, M. (2014), ‘A Spatial Decomposition of Income Inequality in Chile’, Regional Studies, 50 (5), pp. 771−789.
Google Scholar

PAUHOFOVÁ, I. et al. (2016), Súvislosti príjmovej polarizácie na Slovensku (Context of income polarization in Slovakia), Bratislava: EU SAV.
Google Scholar

PEDERSEN, P. J. and SMITH, N. (1998), Low Incomes in Denmark 1980–1995. Paper Provided by Centre for Labour Market and Social Research, Denmark – in its Series Papers with Number 98–19.
Google Scholar

PIKETTY, T. and SAEZ, E. (2003), ‘Income inequality in the United States, 1913–1998’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (1), pp. 1–41.
Google Scholar

SOCIAL INSURANCE AGENCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2021), Anonymizované údaje o vymeriavacích základoch na platenie poistného na sociálne poistenie v SR (2004–2017), Bratislava, Slovakia: Sociálna poisťovňa.
Google Scholar

STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2022a), The EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC 2021), Sekcia sociálnych štatistík a demografie. Odbor štatistiky životnej úrovne obyvateľstva, Bratislava, Slovakia: SO SR.
Google Scholar

STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2022b), DATAcube. http://data cube.statistics.sk [accessed on: 19.01.2023].
Google Scholar

TUREČKOVÁ, K. (2015), ‘Income Inequality by Method of Non-weighted Average Absolute Deviation: case study of Central and Eastern European Countries. Equilibrium’, Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 10 (4), pp. 99−110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/EQUIL.2015.037
Google Scholar

VÝBOŠŤOK, J. (2020), ‘Spravodlivá nerovnosť?’, Quark: magazín pre vedu a techniku, 26 (9). https://www.quark.sk/spravodliva-nerovnost/ [accessed on: 17.11.2022].
Google Scholar

MICHÁLEK, A. et al. (2020), Príjmové nerovnosti a ich prejavy v regiónoch Slovenska (Income inequality and their effects in regions of Slovakia). Bratislava: Veda. MUFFELS, R., FOUARGE, D. and DEKKER, R. (2000), Longitudinal poverty and income inequality: a comparative panel study for the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. MPRA Paper No. 13298. OSA Institute for Labour Studies.
Google Scholar

PALMA, J, G. (2011), Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the ‘Inverted-U’: the share of the rich is what it’s all about. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics (CWPE) 1111, Cambridge University, Great Britain: Retrieved: 19 March 2013.
Google Scholar

PAREDES, D., ITURRA, V. and LUFIN, M. (2014), ‘A Spatial Decomposition of Income Inequality in Chile’, Regional Studies, 50 (5), pp. 771−789.
Google Scholar

PAUHOFOVÁ, I. et al. (2016), Súvislosti príjmovej polarizácie na Slovensku (Context of income polarization in Slovakia), Bratislava: EU SAV.
Google Scholar

PEDERSEN, P. J. and SMITH, N. (1998), Low Incomes in Denmark 1980–1995. Paper Provided by Centre for Labour Market and Social Research, Denmark – in its Series Papers with Number 98–19.
Google Scholar

PIKETTY, T. and SAEZ, E. (2003), ‘Income inequality in the United States, 1913–1998’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (1), pp. 1–41.
Google Scholar

SOCIAL INSURANCE AGENCY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2021), Anonymizované údaje o vymeriavacích základoch na platenie poistného na sociálne poistenie v SR (2004–2017), Bratislava, Slovakia: Sociálna poisťovňa.
Google Scholar

STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2022a), The EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC 2021), Sekcia sociálnych štatistík a demografie. Odbor štatistiky životnej úrovne obyvateľstva, Bratislava, Slovakia: SO SR.
Google Scholar

STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (2022b), DATAcube. http://data cube.statistics.sk [accessed on: 19.01.2023].
Google Scholar

TUREČKOVÁ, K. (2015), ‘Income Inequality by Method of Non-weighted Average Absolute Deviation: case study of Central and Eastern European Countries. Equilibrium’, Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 10 (4), pp. 99−110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/EQUIL.2015.037
Google Scholar

VÝBOŠŤOK, J. (2020), ‘Spravodlivá nerovnosť?’, Quark: magazín pre vedu a techniku, 26 (9). https://www.quark.sk/spravodliva-nerovnost/ [accessed on: 17.11.2022].
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2023-12-30 — Updated on 2024-02-07

Versions

How to Cite

Michálek, A. (2024). Income inequalities and poverty in Slovakia: Development and changes. European Spatial Research and Policy, 30(2), 207–233. https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.30.2.12 (Original work published December 30, 2023)

Issue

Section

Articles

Funding data