The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors

Authors

  • Marie Jandová Laboratory of Morphology and Forensic Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  • Petra Urbanová Laboratory of Morphology and Forensic Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0014

Keywords:

Human face, sexual dimorphism, living conditions, smoking, longitudinal study

Abstract

Background and aim: The effect of socio-economic factors (living conditions) and parental smoking habits on development of facial morphology and body measurements was studied on a longitudinal Czech sample of 25 girls and 25 boys.

Subjects and methods: A set of studied digitalized photographs taken from 0.5 to 18 years in intervals of 6 months originated in the Brno Longitudinal Study. Facial shape changes of sub-adult participants were described using a configuration of 27 landmarks and further studied by using methods of geometric morphometric and multivariate statistics. In order to localize growth-related shape changes within the face, the studied region was divided into upper, middle and lower facial units and analyzed separately.

Results and conclusion: The results show that in the course of ontogenesis there is a strong correlation between facial shape change and body measurements, height included (r=0.10 and r=0.24 in boys and in girls, respectively). The pubertal spurt of the facial shape change rate was revealed at 10.5 years in girls and at 11.5 years in boys. The earlier onset of the pubertal rate increase in facial shape changes in boys was associated with records of poor living conditions. In addition, the mother’s smoking habits were linked to a noticeable facial shape change.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alley R. 1998. Social and Applied Aspects of Perceiving Faces, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., NJ.
View in Google Scholar

Al-Thomali Y, El-Bialy TH. 2012. Cephalometric craniofacial features of growing patients with chronic renal failure. Arch Oral Biol 57:257-63.
View in Google Scholar

Baughan B, Demirjan A. 1978. Sexual dimorphism in the growth of the cranium. Am J Phys Anthropol 49:383-90.
View in Google Scholar

Baydaş B, Erdem A, Yavuz I, Ceylan I. 2007. Heritability of facial proportions and soft-tissue profile characteristics in Turkish Anatolian siblings. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 131(4):504-09.
View in Google Scholar

Bishara SE, Jakobsen JR, Hession TJ, Treder JE. 1998: Soft tissue profile changes from 5 to 45 years of age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 114(6):698-706.
View in Google Scholar

Bogin B. 1999 Patterns of human growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
View in Google Scholar

Bogin B. 2013. Secular changes in childhood, adolescent and adult stature. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series 71:115-26.
View in Google Scholar

Bogin B, Wall M, MacVean RB. 1992. Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth of Ladino and Mayan school children in Guatemala: effects of environment and sex. Am J Phys Anthropol 89:447-57.
View in Google Scholar

Bouchalová M. 1987. Vývoj během dětství a jeho ovlivnění. Praha: Avicenum, zdravotnické nakladatelství.
View in Google Scholar

Bulygina E, Mitteroecker P, Aiello L. 2006. Ontogeny of Facial Dimorphism and Patterns of Individual Development Within One Human Population. Am J Phys Anthropol 131:432-43.
View in Google Scholar

Cameron N. 2002. Human growth curve, canalization and catch-up growth. In Cameron N.Human Growth and Development. Elsevier Science.
View in Google Scholar

Djordjevic J, Jadallah M, Zhurov AI, Toma AM, Richmond S. 2013. Three-dimensional analysis of facial shape and symmetry in twins using laser surface scanning. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 16:146-60.
View in Google Scholar

Dokládal M. 1971. Postnatal Changes in the Basic Shape of the Skull in Macaques in Comparison with Man and some other Mammals. Scripta Medica 44(1):37-52.
View in Google Scholar

Enlow DH. 1968. The human face. Hoeber. New York.
View in Google Scholar

Enlow DH, Hans MG. 1996. Essentials of Facial Growth. Oxford: W. B. Saunders Company.
View in Google Scholar

Eveleth PB, Tanner JM. 1976. World-wide variation in human growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
View in Google Scholar

Farkas LG, Posnick JC, Hreczko TM. 1992. Growth patterns of the face: a morphometric study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 29(4):308-15.
View in Google Scholar

Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Schmitz JH. 1998. Facial volume changes during normal human growth and development. The anatomical record 250:480-87.
View in Google Scholar

Ferrario VF, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM, Turci M, Sforza C. 2004. Soft tissue facial morphology in obese adolescents: A three-dimensional noninvasive assessment. Angle Orthod 74:37-42.
View in Google Scholar

Fetter V, Prokopec M, Suchý J, Titlbachová S. 1967. Antropologie. Praha: Academia.
View in Google Scholar

Franchi L, Baccetti T, McNamara JA Jr. 2001. Thin-Plate Spline Analysis of Mandibular Growth. The Angle Orthodontist 71(2):83-89.
View in Google Scholar

Funatsu M, Sato K, Mitani C. 2006. Effects of growth hormone on craniofacial growth. Angle Orthod 76:970-77.
View in Google Scholar

Goldstein MS. 1936. Changes in dimensions and form of the face and head with age. Am J Phys Anthropol 22:37-89.
View in Google Scholar

Gomes AS, Lima EM. 2006. Mandibular growth during adolescence. Angle Orthod 76:786-90.
View in Google Scholar

Hajniš K, Kárníková J. 1971. Growth of neurocranium from 4 to 6 years of age. (Use in postoperative control of craniostenosis). Anthropologie 9(2):151-57.
View in Google Scholar

Hammer RDA, Harper T, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4: 1-9.
View in Google Scholar

Hunter CJ. 1966. The correlation of facial growth with body height and skeletal maturation at adolescence. Angle orthod 36:44-54.
View in Google Scholar

Koshy G. 2010. Dose response association of pregnancy cigarette smoke exposure, childhood stature, overweight and obesity. European Journal of Public Health 21:286-91.
View in Google Scholar

Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. 1994. Effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke on developmental stability in children. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 14(1):43-47.
View in Google Scholar

Lampl M, Kuzawa CW, Jeanty P. 2003. Prenatal smoke exposure alters growth in limb proportions and head shape in the midgestation human fetus. Am J Hum Biol 15:533-46.
View in Google Scholar

Lieberman DE. 2000. Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape. J Hum Evol 38:291-315.
View in Google Scholar

Loth SR, Henneberg M. 2001. Sexually dimorphic mandibular morphology in the first few years of life. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:179-86.
View in Google Scholar

Liu Y, Behrents RG, Buschang PH. 2010. Mandibular Growth, remodeling, and maturation during infancy and early childhood. Angle Orthod 80:97-105.
View in Google Scholar

Luciano A, Bolognani M, Biondani P, Ghizzi C, Zoppi G, Signori E. 1998. The influence of maternal passive and light active smoking on intrauterine growth and body composition of the newborn. Eur J Clin Nutr 52:760-63.
View in Google Scholar

Malina RM, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O. 2004. Growth, maturation and physical activity. Human kinetics, USA.
View in Google Scholar

Martínez-Abadías N, Esparza M, Sjøvold T, González-José R, Santos M, Hernández M. 2009. Heritability of human cranial dimensions: comparing the evolvability of different cranial regions. J Anat 214:19-35.
View in Google Scholar

Martorell R, Zongrone A. 2012. Intergenerational influences on child growth and undernutrition. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26 Suppl 1:302-14.
View in Google Scholar

Martorell R, Young MF. 2012. Patterns of stunting and wasting: potential explanatory factors. Advances In Nutrition 3:227-33.
View in Google Scholar

Mellion ZJ, Behrents RG, Johnston LE Jr. 2013. The pattern of facial skeletal growth and its relationship to various common indexes of maturation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 143(6):845-54.
View in Google Scholar

Naini FB, Moss JP. 2004. Three-dimensional assessment of the relative contribution of genetics and environment to various facial parameters with the twin method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 126(6):655-65.
View in Google Scholar

Richards JE, Ackland TR, Elliot BC. 1999. The effects of training volume and growth on gymnastic performance in young women. Pediatric Exercise Science 11:349-63.
View in Google Scholar

Rogol AD, Clark PA, Roemmich JN. 2000. Growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents: effects of diet and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr 72(2 Suppl):521S-8S.
View in Google Scholar

Rohlf JF. 2009. tpsDig program, version: 2.14. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
View in Google Scholar

Rona RJ, Swan AV, Altman DG. 1978. Social factors and height of primary school children in England and Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health 32(3):147-54.
View in Google Scholar

Ross AH, Williams SE. 2010. Craniofacial growth, maturation, and change: teens to midadulthood. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 21(2):458-61
View in Google Scholar

Silventoinen K, Sammalisto S, Perola M, Boomsma DI, Cornes BK, Davis C et al.. 2003. Heritability of Adult Body Height: A Comparative Study of Twin Cohorts in Eight Countries. Twin research 6:399-408.
View in Google Scholar

Smith LS, Buschang PH. 2002. Midsagittal Facial Soft-Tissue Growth of French Canadian Adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology 14:457-67.
View in Google Scholar

StatSoft, Inc. (2011). STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 10. www. statsoft.com.
View in Google Scholar

Tanner JM. 1990. Fetus into man. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
View in Google Scholar

Tanner JM. 1981. Catch-up growth in man. Br Med Bull 37(3):233-38.
View in Google Scholar

Tanner J. 1962. Growth at adolescence: with a general consideration of the effects of hereditary and environmental factors upon growth and maturation from birth to maturity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
View in Google Scholar

Trenouth MJ, Joshi M. 2006. Proportional growth of craniofacial regions. J Orofac Orthop 67:92-104.
View in Google Scholar

Urbanová P, Králík M, Mořkovský T, Čuta M. 2011. FIDO (Forenzní identifikace dětských obličejů).
View in Google Scholar

Waddington CH. 1957. The Strategy of the Genes. Allen and Unwin.
View in Google Scholar

Weinberg SM, Parsons TE, Marazita ML, Maher BS. 2013. Heritability of face shape in twins: a preliminary study using 3D stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometrics. Dentistry 3000 1(1).
View in Google Scholar

Wellens HL, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Halazonetis DJ. 2013. Geometric morphometric analysis of craniofacial variation, ontogeny and modularity in a cross-sectional sample of modern humans. J Anat 222(4):397-409.
View in Google Scholar

Wilkinson C. 2004. Forensic facial reconstruction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
View in Google Scholar

Windhager S, Schaefer K, Fink B. 2011. Geometric morphometrics of male facial shape in relation to physical strength and perceived attractiveness, dominance and masculinity. Am J Hum Biol 23:805-14.
View in Google Scholar

Windhager S, Patocka K, Schaefer K. 2013. Body fat and facial shape are correlated in female adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 25:847-50.
View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2016-06-30

How to Cite

Jandová, M., & Urbanová, P. (2016). The relationship between facial morphology, body measurements and socio-economic factors. Anthropological Review, 79(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0014

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.