New Iron Curtain or New Middle Ages? Anti-abortion, anti-gender, anti-LGBT+ movement in Poland and other CEE countries

Authors

  • Iza Desperak Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny, Instytut Socjologii, Katedra Socjologii Polityki i Moralności

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2300-1690.17.02

Keywords:

Central and Eastern Europe, anti-abortion, anti-gender, state homofobia, actors

Abstract

Paper focuses on new division of Europe, based on objection against gender equality, LBGT+ issues, and reproductive and sexual rights. The analysis focuses on three main dimensions of transformation concerning sexuality and intimacy in Central and Eastern Europe. The first one is based on anti-abortion movements and anti-abortion policies, like near-ban on abortion in Poland, no-abortion zones or weeks in Belarussian or Russian regions, versus liberalization of abortion law in Romania. The second dimension of analysis is anti-gender movement. Another phenomenon studied here focuses on LGBT+ issues and official homophobia, resulting in discriminatory policies, as so called “anti-gay-propaganda” law, part of anti-gay-Europe politics. Also, the role of hidden actors of both new policies and propaganda is to be analysed, as those actors play in all three areas.

References

Гендер i антигендер, Гендерний журнал «Я», 2013.
View in Google Scholar

Bierdiajew, N. (1936) [1924]. Nowe średniowiecze. Warszawa: „Rój”, online: http://dlibra.bibliotekaelblaska.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=28905 [dostęp 3.09.2019]
View in Google Scholar

Casanova, J. (2005). Religie publiczne w nowoczesnym świecie. Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS.
View in Google Scholar

Castells, M. (2008). Siła tożsamości. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
View in Google Scholar

Datta, N. (2019). ‘Agenda Europe’: an extremist Christian network in the heart of Europe, 29.04, Heinrich Boell Stiftung, https://www.gwi-boell.de/en/2019/04/29/agenda-europe-extremist-christian-network-heart-europe, [dostęp 1.03.2020].
View in Google Scholar

Datta, N. (2020). Modern-day Crusaders in Europe. Tradition, Family and Property: Analysis of a Transnational, Ultra-conservative, Catholic-inspired Influence Network. Referat w ramach webinarium Women’s rights, gender equality and SRHR at risk – coordinated counter-revolutionary attempts in Poland, at EU level and beyond [26.06.2020].
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.20901/pp.8.3.03

Desperak, I. (2014). Chłopcy przebrani w sukienki, czyli założycielski mit polskiej krucjaty antygender, Ars Educandi, 11, https://czasopisma.bg.ug.edu.pl/index.php/arseducandi/article/view/1897
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/ae.2014.11.22

Drakulic, S. (1993). W: Nanette Funk, Magda Müller (red.) Gender Politics and Post-Communism. Reflections from Eastern Eurioe and the Former Soviet Union. New York: Routledge.
View in Google Scholar

Duda, M. (2016). Dogmat płci. Polska wojna z gender. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Katedra
View in Google Scholar

Eco, U. (1996) [1986]. Semiologia życia codziennego. Warszawa: Czytelnik
View in Google Scholar

Giddens, A. (2006). Przemiany intymności. Seksualność, miłość i erotyzm we współczesnych społeczeństwach. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
View in Google Scholar

Grabowska, M. (2014). Cultural War od Business as usual? Recent Instances and the Historical Origins of backlash against Women’s Rights and Sexual Rights in Poland. W: Heinrich Boell Foundation (red.)Anti-Gender Movements on the Rise? Strategising for Gender Equality in Central and Easter Europe (ss. 64–74). Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation, https://pl.boell.org/en/2015/05/27/anti-gender-movements-rise. [dostęp 23.08.2019]
View in Google Scholar

Graff, A. (2014). Report from the gender trenches: war against «genderism» in Poland, European Journal of Women’s Studies.
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506814546091

Graff, A., Korolczuk, E. (2017). ”Worse than communism and Nazism put together”: War on gender in Poland. In Anti-Gender Campaigns in Europe. Mobilizing against Equality. W: Roman Kuhar and David Paternotte (red.). London-New York: Rowman& Littlefield, ss. 175–194
View in Google Scholar

Graff, A. (2001). Świat bez kobiet. Płeć w polskim życiu publicznym. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo W.A.B.
View in Google Scholar

Graff, A. (2008). Rykoszetem. Rzecz o płci, Seksualności I narodzie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo WAB
View in Google Scholar

IGLYO, Thomson Reuters Foundation (2018). Expression Abridged: A Legal Analysis of AntiLGBT Propaganda Laws, http://www.trust.org/publications/i/?id=55b24892-531f-4566-83c0-2f7bb55fde43
View in Google Scholar

Inglehart, R., Norris, P. (2009). Wzbierająca fala: równouprawnienie płci a zmiana kulturowa na świecie. Warszawa: PIW
View in Google Scholar

Kalicki, W. (2009). Przychodzi prymas do sekretarza, Gazeta Wyborcza, Duży Format, 13.01.2009, http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,6147633,11_stycznia_1960_r__Przychodzi_prymas_do_sekretarza.html [dostęp 20.05.2011].
View in Google Scholar

Kapela, J. (2017). Polska zostanie pewnie wyrzucona z UE. Ostatecznie, w ilu krajach w Ministerstwach Rozwoju wręcza się nagrody za leczenie homoseksualizmu?, Krytyka Polityczna, 19.10.2017, http://krytykapolityczna.pl/felietony/jas-kapela/ministerstwo-rozwoju-leczenia-homoseksualizmu/
View in Google Scholar

Kligman, G. (1998). The Politics of Duplicity: Controlling Reproduction in Ceausescu’s Romania. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520919853

Korolczuk, E. (2019). Od anti-choice do pro-family. Religijni fundamentaliści n niebiesko-różowo [Światowy Kongres Rodzin], OKO-Press, 3.04.2019.
View in Google Scholar

Kula, M. (2011). Najpierw trzeba się urodzić. Wykłady z socjologii historycznej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323511267

Kuhar, R., David P. (2017). Anti-gender campaigns in Europe : mobilizing against equality. New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield International.
View in Google Scholar

Kuhar, Roman, Zobec, Aleš. 2017. The anti-gender movemenet in Europe and the educational proces in public schools. CEPS Journal 7, p. 29–46.
View in Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.168

Mishtal, J. (2015). The Politics of Morality. The Church, the Sy=tate, and reproductive Rights in Postsocialist Poland. Athens: Ohio University Press
View in Google Scholar

Petö, A. (2015). „Anti-gender” moblisational discourse of conservative and far right parties as a challenge for progressive politics. W: Eszter Kovacs, Maari Põim, (reds.) Gender as symbolic glue. The position and role of conservative and far right parties in the anti-gender mobilizations in Europe, Foundation for European Progressive Studies, https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/11382.pdf [dostęp 1.06.2020]
View in Google Scholar

Roggeband, C. (2020). Democratic backsliding and the backlash against women’s rights: Understanding the current challenges for feminist politics. UN Women discussion paper series, https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/06/discussion-paper-democratic-backsliding-and-the-backlash-against-womens-rights [dostęp 10.07.2020]
View in Google Scholar

Snyder, T. (2019). Droga do niewolności. Kraków: Znak.
View in Google Scholar

Suchanow, K. (2018). W sieci nowego średniowiecza, Gazeta Wyborcza z 24.02.2018, http://classic.wyborcza.pl/archiwumGW/8330134/W-sieci-nowego-sredniowiecza
View in Google Scholar

Suchanow, K. (2020). To jest wojna. Kobiety, fundamentaliści i nowe średniowiecze. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Agora.
View in Google Scholar

Tilly, Ch. (2008). Demokracja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
View in Google Scholar

Woleński, J. (2017). Oksfordzkie emocje pana Morawskiego, Polityka, 15.05.2017 https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1704886,1,oksfordzkie-emocje-pana-morawskiego.read
View in Google Scholar

Published

2019-11-20

How to Cite

Desperak, I. (2019). New Iron Curtain or New Middle Ages? Anti-abortion, anti-gender, anti-LGBT+ movement in Poland and other CEE countries. Władza Sądzenia, (17), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.18778/2300-1690.17.02

Issue

Section

Articles