Ideology, Politics and Society in Antonio Gramsci's Theory of Hegemony

Tomasz Leśniak

doi:10.18778/1689-4286.16.05

Autor

Tomasz Leśniak University of Essex

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.16.05

Słowa kluczowe:

Antonio Gramsci, class reductionism, economic determinism, hegemony, Marxism, philosophy of praxis

Abstrakt

In this article, I examine Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony by situating it in relation to a more general intellectual and socio-political context involving orthodox Marxism, October Revolution and Italian fascism. I first briefly outline the problem of economism in Marxist theory, as it is the main object of Gramsci's critique developed fully in the Prison Notebooks. The next two sections are devoted to October Revolution and Italian fascism, interpreted as two elements of the socio-political conjuncture which called into question Marx's 'base/superstructure' model of society and its mechanistic rearticulation. Finally, I discuss Gramsci's mature political theory as an attempt to break with economic determinism and class reductionism of classical and orthodox Marxist theory. I argue that his original conception of hegemony constitutes an advance towards a non-essentialist and relational conception of politics and society.

Bibliografia

Adamson, W. (1980), Gramsci's Interpretation of Fascism, [in:] „Journal of the History of Ideas”, 41 (1980).
Zobacz w Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2709277

Femia, J. (1981), Gramsci’s Political Thought, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Finocchiaro, M. (1988), Gramsci and the History of Dialectical Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zobacz w Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511624759

Gramsci, A. (1971), Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Gramsci, A. (1977), Antonio Gramsci. Selections from Political Writings (1910-1920), London: Lawrence & Wishart.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Howarth, D. (2000), Discourse, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Kołakowski, L. (1978), Main Currents of Marxism. Vol. 3: The Breakdown, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Laclau, E. and Mouffe, Ch. (2001), Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, London - New York: Verso.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Martin, J. (1998), Gramsci's Political Analysis, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Marx, K. (1996), Marx: Later Political Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zobacz w Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810695

Mouffe, Ch. (1979), Hegemony and ideology in Gramsci, [in:] Ch. Mouffe (ed.), Gramsci and Marxist Theory, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Paggi, L. (1979), Gramsci’s general theory of marxism, [in:] Ch. Mouffe (ed.), Gramsci and Marxist Theory, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Zobacz w Google Scholar

Simon, R. (2001), Gramsci's Political Thought, London: The Electric Book Company.
Zobacz w Google Scholar