Haters on the Internet – background, evolution and legal responsibility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.326.05Keywords:
Internet, electronic aggression, cyberbullying, hatersAbstract
The main aim is a review of publications in the area of electronic aggression, especially concerning aggressors legal responsibility. To reach this goal an analysis of various papers (in Polish and English) was taken. The papers were selected due to authors’ output and contribution in area of electronic aggression. In the next step, Polish legal acts were investigated. In effect, it was stated that level of electronic aggression is growing instantly and requires further research. Also Polish law – despite some solutions already taken – demands additional improvements.
Downloads
References
Balci K., Salah A.A. (2014), Automatic analysis and identification of verbal aggression and abusive behaviors for online social games, „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 53, p. 517–526.
Google Scholar
Barlińska J. (2009), Cyberprzestrzeń – nowa arena przemocy rówieśniczej?, „Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny”, nr 4, s. 51–66.
Google Scholar
Barlińska J., Szuster A., Wiśniewski M. (2013), Cyberbullying among Adolescent Bystanders: Role of the Communication Medium, Form of Violence, and Empathy, „Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology”, (23)1, p. 37–51.
Google Scholar
Barlińska J., Szuster A., Wiśniewski M. (2015), The Role of Short- and Long-Term Cognitive Empathy Activation in Preventing Cyberbystander Reinforcing Cyberbullying Behavior, „Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking”, 18(4), p. 241–244.
Google Scholar
Chiang Y.-T., Lin S., Zhi-Feng Liu E. (2012), The effects of online discussion forum aggressive messages and cognitive distortion on users' negative affect and aggression, „Turkish Online Journal Of Educational Technology”, 11(2), p. 238–245.
Google Scholar
Christopherson K.M. (2007), The positive and negative implications of anonymity in Internet social interactions: On the Internet, Nobody Knows You’re a Dog., „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 23, p. 3038–3056.
Google Scholar
Cicchirillo V., Hmielowski J., Hutchens M. (2015), The Mainstreaming of Verbally Aggressive Online Political Behaviors, „Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking”, no. 18(5), p. 253–259.
Google Scholar
Coelho P. (1995), Alchemik, Wydawnictwo Drzewo Babel.
Google Scholar
Collins E., Freeman J., Chamarro-Premuzic T. (2012), Personality traits associated with problematic and non-problematic massively multiplayer online role playing game use, „Personality and Individual Differences”, no.52, p. 133–138.
Google Scholar
Dahlberg L. (2001), Computer-Mediated Communication and The Public Sphere: A Critical Analysis, „Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication”, no. 4(1), p. 615–633.
Google Scholar
France K., Danesh A., Jirard S. (2013), Informing aggression–prevention efforts by comparing perpetrators of brief vs. extended cyber aggression. „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 29, s. 2143–2149.
Google Scholar
Glaziński S. (2007), Agresja w grach komputerowych, „Edukacja i Dialog”, nr 2, s. 63–67.
Google Scholar
Grabowska A. (2010), Czy internet jest bezpieczny dla dziecka?, „Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze”, no.1, p. 38–43.
Google Scholar
Goetz M. (2012), Portale społecznościowe – dobrodziejstwo czy zagrożenie?, „Niebieska Linia”, nr 2, s. 25–27.
Google Scholar
Hayne S.C., Rice R.E. (1997), Attribution accuracy when using anonymity in group support systems. „International Journal of Human-Computer Studies”, no. 47, p. 429–452.
Google Scholar
Herring S. (1994), Politeness in computer culture: Why women thank and men flame, [w:] M. Bucholtz, A. Liang, L. Sutton, C. Hines (red.), Cultural Performances: Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Women and Language Conference, Berkeley Women and Language Group, Berkeley, p. 278–294.
Google Scholar
Horner S., Asher Y., Fireman G. (2015), The impact and response to electronic bullying and traditional bullying among adolescents, „Computers in Human Behavior”, no.49, p. 288–295.
Google Scholar
IGOM (2015) http://www.ornontowice.edu.pl/www/sites/default/files/Poradnik%20dla%20rodzic%C3%B3w%20uczni%C3%B3w%20szk%C3%B3%C5%82%20ponadpodstawowych%20ISBN%20978-83-63267-14-8.pdf, [Dostęp 19.10.2015].
Google Scholar
Infante D.A., Wigley C.J. (1986), Verbal aggressiveness: an interpersonal model and measure. „Communication Monographs”; no. 53, p. 61–69.
Google Scholar
Infor (2015) http://www.infor.pl/prawo/prawo-karne/ciekawostki/298808,2,Cyberprzemoc-aodpowiedzialnosc-prawna.html, [Dostęp 19.10.2015].
Google Scholar
Jabłońska M. R. (2015), Narzędzia Web 2.0 w komunikacji B2C na rynku energii, „Rynek Energii”, nr 1(116), s. 90–97.
Google Scholar
Jakubczyk A., Wojnar M. (2009), Impulsywność – definicje, teorie, modele, „Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii”; nr 18(4), s. 349–356.
Google Scholar
Katz J. (1997), Birth of a digital nation. „Wired”, no. 5(4), p. 49–52.
Google Scholar
Kellner D. (1998), Intellectuals, the new public spheres, and techno-politics, [in:] C. Toulouse, T.W. Luke (red.), The politics of cyberspace: A new political sciencereader, Wydawnictwo Routledge, New York.
Google Scholar
Kodeks cywilny art. 23 i 24.
Google Scholar
Kodeks karny art. 190a (poprawka do ustawy, opublikowana w Dz.U. z 2011 r. Nr 72, poz. 381).
Google Scholar
Kozak S. (2011), Patologie komunikowania w Internecie: zagrożenia i skutki dla dzieci i młodzieży, Difin, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Krajewska M. (2010), Cyberprzemoc w kontaktach rówieśniczych, „Opieka – Wychowanie – Terapia”, nr 1/2, s. 12–19.
Google Scholar
Laineste L. (2013), Funny or Aggressive? Failed Humour in Internet Comments, „Folklore” (Estonia), no. 53, p. 29–46.
Google Scholar
Law D.M., Shapka J.D., Hymel S., Olson B.F., Waterhouse T. (2012), The changing face of bullying: An empirical comparison between traditional and internet bullying and victimization, „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 28, p. 226–232.
Google Scholar
Li Q. (2007), New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 23, p. 1777–1791.
Google Scholar
Lin S.S.J., Liu E.Z.F., Yuan S.-M. (2001), Web-based peer assessment: Does attitude influence achievement?, „IEEE Transactions on Education”, 44(2), p. 211.
Google Scholar
Liu E.Z.F., Ko H.W. (2007), Implementation and evaluation of an e-tutor program, „WSEAS Transactions on Communications”, no. 6(4), p. 547–552.
Google Scholar
Marczak G. (2013), http://antyweb.pl/bedziemy-musli-udostepnic-dane-hejtera-o-co-tu-chodzi/, [Dostęp 19.10.2015].
Google Scholar
Markey P.M., Markey C.N. (2010), Vulnerability to violent video games: A review and integration of personality research, „Review of General Psychology”, no.14, p. 82.
Google Scholar
NY Times (2008) http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/27/us/27myspace.html?_r=0, [Dostęp 19.10.2015].
Google Scholar
Osica N. (2008), O stalkingu inaczej, „Niebieska Linia”, nr 3, s. 9–12.
Google Scholar
Podolak B. (2015), http://rozmaitosci.com/jak-pozwac-hejtera-do-sadu/, [Dostęp 19.10.2015].
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2008), Agresja elektroniczna – wirtualne ciosy, realne rany, „Remedium”, nr 9, s. 26–27.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2008), Agresja elektroniczna – wirtualne ciosy, realne rany, „Remedium”, nr 10, s. 28–29.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2009), Agresja elektroniczna dzieci i młodzieży – różne wymiary zjawiska, „Dziecko krzywdzone”, nr 1(26), s. 12–26.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2009), Agresja elektroniczna i mobbing elektroniczny gimnazjalistów w kontekście zaangażowania w stosowaniu nowych technologii komunikacyjnych, „Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny”, nr 4, s. 31–51.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2009), Agresja elektroniczna – wirtualne ciosy, realne rany, „Remedium”, nr 10, s. 10–11.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2010), Agresja elektroniczna – wirtualne ciosy, realne rany, „Remedium”, nr 7–8, s. 6–7.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2011), Electronic aggression among adolescents: An old house with a new facade (or even a number of houses), [w:] C. Hällgren, E. Dunkels, G.-M. Frånberg (red.), Youth culture and net culture: Online social practices, Wydawnictwo IGI Global.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2012), From cyberbullying to electronic aggression: typology of the phenomenon, „Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties”, 17(3–4), s. 305–317
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J. (2013), Beyond Peer Cyberbullying – Involvement of Polish Adolescents in Different Kinds of Electronic Aggression, „Studia edukacyjne”, nr 28, s. 147–167.
Google Scholar
Pyżalski J., Schultze-Krumbholz A., Göbel K., Scheithauer H., Brighi A., Guarini A., Haralambos T., Barkoukis V., Plichta P., Del Rey R., Casas J.A., Thompson F., Smith P.K. (2014), A Comparison of Classification Approaches for Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying Using Data From Six European Countries, „Journal of School Violence”, no. 14, p. 47–65.
Google Scholar
Shepherd T., Harvey A., Jordan T., Srauy S., Miltner K. (2015), Histories of Hating, „Social Media + Society”, no. 7–12, p. 1–10.
Google Scholar
Skarżyńska-Sernaglia J., Latanzi M. (2009), Od wielbiciela do zabójcy, „Niebieska Linia”, nr 5, s. 23–25.
Google Scholar
Szpunar M. (2009), Flaming i trolling jako formy agresji werbalnej w Internecie, „Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny”, nr 4, s. 67–80.
Google Scholar
Tereszkiewicz A. (2012), Do Poles flame? Aggressiveness on Polish discussion groups and social networking sites, [w:] L. Laineste, D. Brzozowska, W. Chlopicki (red.) Estonia and Poland. Creativity and tradition in cultural Communications, „Jokes and their relations” no. 1, Tartu: ELM Scholarly Press 2012, p. 237–268.
Google Scholar
Thompen P.A., Foulger D.A. (1996), Effects of pictographs and quoting on flaming in electronic mail, „Computers in Human Behavior”, no. 12(2), s. 225–243.
Google Scholar
Vivolo-Kantor A.M., Martell B., Holland K., Westby R. (2014), A Systematic Review and Content Analysis of Bullying and Cyber-bullying Measurement Strategies, „Aggression and Violent Behavior”, no. 19(4), p. 423–434.
Google Scholar
Wesołowska A.M. (2012), Cyberprzemoc i przemoc rówieśnicza, „Dyrektor Szkoły”, nr 2, s. 46–49.
Google Scholar
Wojtasik Ł. (2007), Dzieci w sieci, „Remedium”, nr 8, s. 10–11.
Google Scholar
Wojtasik Ł. (red.) (2009), Jak reagować na cyberprzemoc?, Wydawca Fundacja Dzieci Niczyje, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Ybarra M.L., Mitchell K.J. (2004), Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics, „Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry”, no. 45, p. 1308–1316.
Google Scholar
Yudofsky S., Silver J., Jackson W., Endicott J., Williams D. (1986), The ofert aggression scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression, „American Journal of Psychiatry”, no. 143, p. 35–39.
Google Scholar
Zimbardo P.G. (1969), The human choice: Individuation, reason and order, versus deindividuation, impulse and chaos, [in:] W. Arnold, D. Levine (red.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Google Scholar
Zimmerman A.G., Ybarra G.J. (2014), Online Aggression: The Influences of Anonymity and Social Modeling, „Psychology of Popular Media Culture”, no. 06, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000038, [Dostęp 16.10.2015].
Google Scholar