Coworking Spaces as a Driver of the Post-Fordist City: a Tool for Building a Creative Ecosystem

Pavel Bednář; Lukáš Danko

doi:10.18778/1231-1952.27.1.05

Authors

Pavel Bednář Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-5762
Lukáš Danko Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-8857

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.27.1.05

Keywords:

coworking spaces, coworking, creative ecosystem, creative industries, post-Fordist city

Abstract

Collaborative places nurture creativity and efficiency of cultural and creative industries. Research in collaborative places revealed they are essential for networking and cooperation in the creative ecosystem. The results of studies focusing on competitiveness of coworking spaces and their effect on boosting entrepreneurship are rather vague. Furthermore, an awareness of how coworking spaces stimulate coworkers to engage in urban regeneration through local community initiatives is limited. Hence, this study seeks to provide an insight into coworking spaces from the organizational perspective devoted to entrepreneurship and competitiveness. Simultaneously, the paper aims to reveal synergies between creative communities and local development. The method of data gathering consists of semi-structured in-depth interviews with managers and entrepreneurs from selected countries of the EU applying the grounded theory for their analysis. The results suggest that coworking spaces indicate a boosting of the entrepreneurship of the creative class through collective projects. These activities tend to stimulate knowledge creation and open innovation in the creative ecosystem that benefit local development. Coworking spaces also represent a driving force to initiate and maintain a dialogue between the creative ecosystem and local authorities for culture-led urban development.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AMIN, A. (2011), Post-Fordism: a reader, John Wiley & Sons.
Google Scholar

ASHEIM, B. (2012), ‘The changing role of learning regions in the globalizing knowledge economy: A theoretical re-examination’, Regional Studies, 46 (8), pp. 993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.607805
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.607805

BABB, C., CURTIS, C. and MCLEOD, S. (2018), ‘The Rise of Shared Work Spaces: A Disruption to Urban Planning Policy?’, Urban Policy and Research, 36 (4), pp. 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2018.1476230
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2018.1476230

BATHELT, H., MALMBERG, A. and MASKELL, P. (2004), ‘Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation’, Progress in human geography, 28 (1), pp. 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132504ph469oa
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132504ph469oa

BEREITSCHAFT, B. and CAMMACK, R. (2015), ‘Neighborhood diversity and the creative class in Chicago’, Applied Geography, 63, pp. 166–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.020
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.06.020

BIRKS, D.F., FERNANDEY, W. and LEVINA, N. (2013) ‘Grounded theory method in information systems research: its nature, diversity and opportunities’, European Journal of Information Systems, 22 (1), pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.48
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.48

BOUNCKEN, R.B. and REUSCHL, A.J. (2018),’ Coworking-spaces: how a phenomenon of the sharing economy builds a novel trend for the workplace and for entrepreneurship’, Review of Managerial Science, 12 (1), pp. 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-016-0215-y
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-016-0215-y

BROWN, J. (2017), ‘Curating the ‘third place’? Coworking and the mediation of creativity’, Geoforum: Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences, 82, pp. 112–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.04.006
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.04.006

CAPDEVILA, I. (2013), Knowledge dynamics in localized communities: Coworking spaces as microclusters, Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2414121 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2414121
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2414121

CAPDEVILA, I. (2015), ‘Co-working spaces and the localised dynamics of innovation in Barcelona’, International Journal of Innovation Management, 19 (03), pp. 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919615400046
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919615400046

CHAPAIN, C., COOKE, P., DE PROPRIS, L., MACNEILL, S. and MATEOS-GARCIA, J. (2010), Creative clusters and innovation: Putting creativity on the map, NESTA London.
Google Scholar

CLIFTON, N. (2008), ‘The «creative class» in the UK: an initial analysis’, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 90 (1), pp. 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00276.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00276.x

COLLINS, C.J. and SMITH, K.G. (2006), ‘Knowledge exchange and combination: The role of human resource practices in the performance of high-technology firms’, Academy of Management Journal, 49 (3), pp. 544–560. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794671
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794671

COMUNIAN, R., CHAPAIN, C. and CLIFTON, N. (2014),’Creative industries & creative policies: A European perspective?’, City, Culture and Society, 2 (5), pp. 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2014.05.009
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2014.05.009

COOKE, P. (2018), ‘Generative growth with ‘thin’ globalization: Cambridge’s crossover model of innovation’, European Planning Studies, 26 (9), pp. 1815–1834. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1421908
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1421908

COPERCINI, M. (2016), ‘Berlin as a creative field: Deconstructing the role of the urban context in creative production’, Quaestiones Geographicae, 35 (4), pp. 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0040
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0040

CRUZ, A.R., ALMEIDA, R.M., COSTA, P., GATO, M.A. and PERESTRELO, M. (2019), ‘Knowledge Transfer in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Institutional Aspects and Perspectives from Actors in Selected Atlantic Regions’, Social Sciences, 8 (3), p. 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030077
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030077

CZUPICH, M. (2018), ‘Level of Social Participation in the Creation of Urban Regeneration Programmes – The Case Study of Small Towns in Poland’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 25 (2), pp. 81–98. https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.25.2.05
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.25.2.05

DEFILLIPPI, R. (2015), Managing project-based organization in creative industries, The Oxford handbook of creative industries, pp. 268–283.
Google Scholar

DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, MEDIA AND SPORT (1998), Creative Industries Mapping Document, 1998, DCMS, London. Retrieved from: http://www.culture.gov.uk/Reference_library/Publications/archive_1998/Creative_Industries_Mapping_Document_1998.html
Google Scholar

DE PROPRIS, L. (2013), ‘How are creative industries weathering the crisis?’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6 (1), pp. 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rss025
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rss025

DI MARINO, M. and LAPINTIE, K. (2017), ‘Emerging workplaces in post-functionalist cities’, Journal of Urban Technology, 24 (3), pp. 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1297520
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1297520

DURANTE, G. and TURVANI, M. (2018), ‘Coworking, the Sharing Economy, and the City: Which Role for the «Coworking Entrepreneur»?’, Urban Science, 2 (3), p. 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030083
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030083

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2010), Unlocking the Potential of Cultural and Creative Industries, Brussels.
Google Scholar

FARINA, M.C., NETO, A.F., CARVALHO, A.A. and BERNE, D.F. (2018), ‘Coworking and the Generation of Employment and Income’, International Conference on Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship, Springer, Cham, pp. 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91334-6_123
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91334-6_123

FLORIDA, R. (2002), The rise of the creative class: and how it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life, Basic books, New York.
Google Scholar

FLORIDA, R., MELLANDER, C. and RENTFROW, P. (2013), ‘The happiness of cities’, Regional Studies, 47 (4), pp. 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.589830
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.589830

FUZI, A. (2015), ‘Co-working spaces for promoting entrepreneurship in sparse regions: the case of South Wales’, Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2 (1), pp. 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2015.1072053
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2015.1072053

GLASER, B., WALSH, I., BAILYN, L., FERNADEZ, W., HOLTON, J. and LEVINA, N. (2013), ‘What Grounded Theory Is’, Academy of Management Proceedings, Briarcliff Manor, New York. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11290symposium
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11290symposium

HAYTON, J.C. (2003), ‘Strategic human capital management in SMEs: An empirical study of entrepreneurial performance’, Human Resource Management, 42 (4), pp. 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.10096
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.10096

HEERDEN, S. and BONTJE, M. (2014), ‘What about culture for the ordinary workforce? A study on the locational preferences of the creative class in Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin’, Journal of Urban Affairs, 36 (3), pp. 465–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12048
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12048

HOWKINS, J. (2002), The creative economy: How people make money from ideas, Penguin UK.
Google Scholar

JACKSON, S.E., DENISI, A. and HITT, M.A. (2003), Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage: Designing strategies for effective human resource management, John Wiley & Sons.
Google Scholar

JONES, C., LORENZEN, M. and SAPSED, J. (2015), The Oxford handbook of creative industries, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199603510.001.0001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199603510.001.0001

JONES, C., SVEJENOVA, S. and STRANDGAARD, J. (2011), ‘Misfits, mavericks and mainstreams: Drivers of innovation in creative industries’, Organization Studies, 32 (9), pp. 1308–1310. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840611424019
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840611424019

KAGAN, S. and HAHN, J. (2011), ‘Creative cities and (un) sustainability: from creative class to sustainable creative cities’, Culture and Local Governance, 3 (1), pp. 11–27. https://doi.org/10.18192/clg-cgl.v3i1.182
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.18192/clg-cgl.v3i1.182

KANNAN, G. and AULBUR, W.G. (2004), ‘Intellectual capital: measurement effectiveness’. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5 (3), pp. 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930410550363
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930410550363

KATZ, B., VEY, J.S. and WAGNER, J. (2015), ‘One year after: Observations on the rise of innovation district Brookings’, June 24, 2015. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/research/one-year-after-observations-on-therise-of-innovation-districts/
Google Scholar

KLOUDOVÁ, J. and CHWASZCZ, O. (2012), ‘Transformation of 3T model towards the comparison of creative centres within the European Union’, Ekonomie+Management, 20 (32), pp. 56–70.
Google Scholar

KOJO, I. and NENONEN, S. (2017), ‘Evolution of co-working places: drivers and possibilities’, Intelligent Buildings International, 9 (3), pp. 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2014.987640
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2014.987640

KUBÁTOVÁ, J. (2016), ‘Human capital of the 21st century in coworking centers’, Proceeding of ECIC 2016 8th European Conference on Intellectual Capital, pp. 145–151.
Google Scholar

LAWTON, P., MURPHY, E. and REDMOND, D. (2013), ‘Residential preferences of the ‘creative class’?’, Cities, 31, pp. 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.04.002
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.04.002

LEAVY, P. (2014), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, Oxford library of psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199811755.001.0001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199811755.001.0001

MARIOTTI, I., PACCHI, C. and DI VITA, S. (2017), ‘Co-working Spaces in Milan: Location Patterns and Urban Effects’, Journal of Urban Technology, 24 (3), pp. 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1311556
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1311556

MARTIN‐RIOS, C. and PARGA‐DANS, E. (2016), ‘The early bird gets the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese: Non‐technological innovation in creative industries’, Creativity and Innovation Management, 25 (1), pp. 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12131
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12131

MCGRANAHAN, D., WOJAN, T. and LAMBERT, D. (2010), ‘The rural growth trifecta: outdoor amenities, creative class and entrepreneurial context’, Journal of Economic Geography, 11 (3), pp. 529–557. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq007
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq007

MONTEQUÍN, V.R., FERNANDEZ, F.O., CABAL, V.A. and GUTIERREZ, N.R. (2006), ‘An integrated framework for intellectual capital measurement and knowledge management implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises’, Journal of Information Science, 32 (6), pp. 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506067127
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506067127

MORISSON, A. (2018), ‘A Typology of Places in the Knowledge Economy: Towards the Fourth Place’, International Symposium on New Metropolitan Perspectives, Springer, Cham, pp. 444–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_50
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_50

NIEDOMYSL, T. and CLARK, W. (2014), ‘What matters for internal migration, jobs or amenities?’, Migration Letters, 11 (3), pp. 377–386. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i3.231
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v11i3.231

O’CONNOR, J. and GU, X. (2014), ‘Creative industry clusters in Shanghai: a success story?’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20 (1), pp. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2012.740025
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2012.740025

PARRINO, L. (2015), ‘Coworking: Assessing the Role of Proximity in Knowledge Exchange’, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 13, pp. 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2013.47
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2013.47

PATTON, M.Q. (2014), Qualitative research and evaluation methods, SAGE.
Google Scholar

PLUM, O. and HASSINK, R. (2014), ‘Knowledge bases, innovativeness and competitiveness in creative industries: the case of Hamburg’s video game developers’, Regional Studies, Regional Science, 1 (1), pp. 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2014.967803
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2014.967803

PRATT, A. (2008), ‘Creative cities: the cultural industries and the creative class’, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 90 (2), pp. 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00281.x
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00281.x

SHEN, A. (2014), ‘Recommendations as personalized marketing: insights from customer experiences’, Journal of Services Marketing, 28 (5), pp. 414–427. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2013-0083
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2013-0083

SÖPPER, K. (2014), ‘Governance and Culture – a New Approach to Understanding Structures of Collaboration’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 21 (1), pp. 53–64. https://doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0005
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2014-0005

STERNBERG, R. (2000), ‘State-of-the art and perspectives of economic geography –taking stock from a German point of view’, GeoJournal, 50 (1), pp. 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007194406290
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007194406290

SUIRE, R. (2019), ‘Innovating by bricolage: how do firms diversify through knowledge interactions with FabLabs?’, Regional Studies, 53 (7), pp. 939–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1522431
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1522431

VERDICH, M. (2010), ‘Creative migration? The attraction and retention of the ‘creative class’ in Launceston, Tasmania’, Australian Geographer, 41 (1), pp. 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049180903535642
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00049180903535642

VIDAILLET, B. and BOUSALHAM, Y. (2017), ‘Coworking spaces as places where economic diversity can be articulated: towards a theory of syntopia’, Organization, 27 (1), pp. 60–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418794003
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508418794003

VINODRAI, T. (2015), ‘Constructing the creative economy: Design, intermediaries and institutions in Toronto and Copenhagen’, Regional Studies, 49 (3), pp. 418–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.933204
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.933204

ZHENG, J. and CHAN, R. (2014), ‘The impact of «creative industry clusters» on cultural and creative industry development in Shanghai’, City, Culture and Society, 5 (1), pp. 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.08.001
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.08.001