Perception of Space in the Context of Model Visions of Sustainable Urban Development: Evidence from Warsaw
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.32.1.04Keywords:
urban space perception, urban development, sustainable development, urban conflictAbstract
In the presented article, the perception of urban space in the context of the concept of sustainable development (SD) is being addressed. It can be seen as an umbrella term encompassing various model visions of urban development, including green city, creative city, smart city, 15-minute city, just city, participatory city, happy city, inclusive city, and compact city. Based on qualitative research conducted in Warsaw, Poland, key narrative fields for each model have been identified. The article shows how the different model visions are revealed in the expectations and assessments formulated towards urban space. The key conclusions concern the need to change the dominant “flat” narrative of urban sustainability, which is accompanied by a relatively poor language and a one-dimensional view of complex multi-layered issues. The conclusion emphasizes the need to appeal more to the values that are the pillars of the individual model visions of urban SD, as well as issues that appeal to emotions.
Downloads
References
ALEXANDER, C. (2002), The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe. Book I, The Phenomenon of Life, Berkeley: The Center for Environmental Structure.
ALEXANDER, CH. (1978), A Pattern Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ALMUSAED, A. and ALMSSAD, A. (eds) (2019), Sustainable cities – authenticity, ambition and dream, London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73410
AL-SHAMI, H., Al-ALWAN, H. and ABDULKAREEM, T. (2004), ‘Cultural sustainability in urban third places: Assessing the impact of ‘Co-operation in Science and Technology’ in cultural third places’, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102465
AZAPAGIC, A. and PERDAN, S. (2000), ‘Indicators of SD for industry: a general framework’, Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 78, pp. 243–261. https://doi.org/10.1205/095758200530763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1205/095758200530763
BARBIER, E. (2011), ‘The policy challenges for green economy and sustainable economic development’, Nat Resour Forum 35, pp. 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01397.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01397.x
BASIAGO, A. D. (1999), ‘Economic, social, and environmental sustainability in development theory and urban planning practice’, Environmentalist, 19, pp. 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006697118620 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006697118620
BELYAEV, V. I. and PYATKOVA, O. N. (2023). ‘The Strategy for SD of Territorial Entities: Territorial Marketing’, [in:] MAXIMOVA, S. G., RAIKIN, R. I., CHIBILEV, A. A. and SILANTYEVA, M. M. (eds), Advances in Natural, Human-Made, and Coupled Human-Natural Systems Research. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 234, Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75483-9_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75483-9_5
BENTLEY, I., MCGLYNN, S., SMITH, G., ALCOCK, A. and MURRAIN, P. (1985), Responsive Environments, London: Routledge.
BIRKMANN, J., LIWENGA, E., PANDEY, R., BOYD, E., DJALANTE, R., GEMENNE, F., LEAL FILHO, W., PINHO, P., STRINGER, L., and WRATHALL, D. (2022), ‘Poverty, Livelihoods and SD’, [in:] PÖRTNER, H-O., ROBERTS, D. C., TIGNOR, M., POLOCZANSKA, E., MINTENBECK, K., ALEGRÍA, A., CRAIG, M., LANGSDORF, S., LÖSCHKE, S., MÖLLER, V., OKEM, A. and RAMA, B. (eds), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp. 1171–1274, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.010
BOVA, D. (2022), ‘A vocabulary for sustainability’. Sustainable Environment, 8. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2022.2113542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2022.2113542
BRAND, U. (2012), ‘Green economy – The next oxymoron? No Lessons Learned from Failures of Implementing SD’, GAIA – Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 21, pp. 28–32. https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.21.1.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.21.1.9
BREHENY, M. (1992), SD and urban form, European Research in Regional Science, London: Pion Limited.
CASSARINO, M., SHAHAB, S. and BISCAYA, S. (2021), ‘Envisioning happy places for all: A systematic review of the impact of transformations in the urban environment on the wellbeing of vulnerable groups’, Sustainability, 13, 8086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148086
CHEN, Y. (2009), ‘Urban chaos and perplexing dynamics of urbanization’, Lett Spat Resour Sci 2, 85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-009-0026-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-009-0026-8
CILLIERS, E. and GOOSEN, Z. (2018), ‘Third Places for Social Sustainability: A Planning Framework Based on Local and International Comparison’, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Urban and Civil Engineering, 12 (3), https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.waset.org%2F1307-6892%2F10008651?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19 [accessed on: 12.10.2024].
CLARK, T. (ed.) (2011), The city as an entertainment machine, Lanham: Lexington Books.
COLE, H., LAMARCA, M., CONNOLLY, J. and ANGUELOVSKI, I. (2017), ‘Are green cities healthy and equitable? Unpacking the relationship between health, green space and gentrification’, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 71 (11), pp. 1118–1121. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2023v25i1.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209201
COPE, M. R., KERNAN, A. R., SANDERS, S. R. and WARD, C. (2022), ‘Social sustainability?: Exploring the relationship between community experience and perceptions of the environment’, Sustainability 2022/14, 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031935
CRISTÓVÃO, A., VALENTE, S., REBELO, H. and RUIVO, A. (2023), ‘Emotional education for SD: A curriculum analysis of teacher training in Portugal and Spain’, Frontiers in Education, 8, 1165319. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1165319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1165319
DROZDA, Ł. (2017), Uszlachetniając przestrzeń. Jak działa gentryfikacja i jak się ją mierzy, Warsaw: Instytut Wydawniczy Książka i Prasa.
DUNN, N. (2018), Urban Imaginaries and the Palimpsest of the Future, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315163956-28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315163956-28
ENDRICKS, M. D. and VAN ZANDT, S. (2021), ‘Unequal protection revisited: Planning for environmental justice, hazard vulnerability, and critical infrastructure in communities of color’, Environ. Justice, 14, pp. 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2020.0054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2020.0054
ESPINO, N. (2015), Building the inclusive city: theory and practice for confronting urban segregation, London: Crc Press.
ESPON (2020), Reuse of spaces and buildings. Policy brief. Luxemburg, https://archive.espon.eu/sites/default/files/attachments/Policy%20Brief%20Reuse%20of%20spaces%20and%20buildings.pdf [accessed on: 07.10.2024].
EUROPEAN COMMISSION: JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE, BARANZELLI, C., VANDECASTEELE, I., AURAMBOUT, J. and SIRAGUSA, A. (2019), The future of cities: opportunities, challenges and the way forward, Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/375209
FAINSTEIN, S. (2010), The just city, New York: Cornell University Press.
FENG, J. and HOU, H. (2023), ‘Review of Research on Urban Social Space and SD’, Sustainability, 15, 16130. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216130
FLORIDA, R. (2017), The new urban crisis: how our cities are increasing inequality, deepening segregation, and failing the middle class – and what we can do about it, New York: Basic Books.
FOL, S. and CUNNINGHAM SABOT, E. (2010), ‘Urban decline and shrinking cities: A critical assessment of approaches to urban regression’, Annales de Geographie. 4/674, pp. 359–383. https://doi.org/10.3917/ag.674.0359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/ag.674.0359
GEARIN, E., DUNSON, K. and HAMPTON, M. (2023), ‘Greened out: mitigating the impacts of eco-gentrification through community dialogue’, Architecture_MPS, 25 (1). https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2023v25i1.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2023v25i1.002
GEHL, J. (2011), Life between buildings: Using public space, Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
GEHL, J. and SVARRE, B. (2013), How to study public life: methods in urban design, Washington: Island Press. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0
GIDDENS, A. (2007), The construction of society, Warsaw: Polity Press.
GLAESER, E. (2012), Triumph of the city: how our greatest invention makes us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier, New York: Penguin Books. https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2013-4-75-94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2013-4-75-94
GORZYM-WILKOWSKI, W. (2017), ‘Spatial Planning as a Tool for SD. Polish Realities’, Barometr Regionalny, 15 (2), pp. 75–85. https://doi.org/10.56583/br.439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56583/br.439
GOTTDIENER, M. (1985), The Social Production of Urban Space, Austin: University of Texas Press.
GUGLER, J. (1997), Cities in the developing world: issues theory and policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
HALL, E. T. (1966), The Hidden Dimension, Doubleday, Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books.
HASSAN, A. M. and LEE, H. (2015), ‘The paradox of the sustainable city: Definitions and examples’, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17, pp. 1267–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9604-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9604-z
JENKS, M. and JONES, C. (eds) (2009), Dimensions of the sustainable city, London and New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8647-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8647-2
KANCHANA, R. (2022), Challenges of Urbanization towards SD.
KARWINSKA, A. (2008), Gospodarka przestrzenna. Uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
KOSTOF, S. (1991), The City Shaped – Urban Patterns and Meaning Through History, New York: Bulfinch Press.
LAMOND, J. and EVERETT, G. (2019), ‘Sustainable Blue-Green Infrastructure: A social practice approach to understanding community preferences and stewardship’, Landscape and Urban Planning, 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103639
LARIMIAN, T. and SADEGHI, A. (2021), Measuring urban social sustainability: Scale development and validation, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48 (4), pp. 621–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319882950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808319882950
LEFEBVRE, H. (1991), The production of space, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
LITOROWICZ, A. (2012), Subkultura hipsterów. Od nowoczesnej etyki do ponowoczesnej estetyki, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Katedra.
LIU, S., DING, P., XUE, B., ZHU, H. and GAO, J. (2020), ‘Urban Sustainability Evaluation Based on the DPSIR Dynamic Model: A Case Study in Shaanxi Province, China’, Sustainability, 12 (18), 7460. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187460 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187460
MATLOCK, A. S. and LIPSMAN, J. E. (2020), ‘Mitigating environmental harm in urban planning: An ecological perspective’, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 63, pp. 568–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1599327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1599327
MIERZEJEWSKA, L. (2015), ‘Miasto zwarte, rozproszone, zrównoważone’, Studia Miejskie, 19, pp. 11–23, http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-2543-5302-year-2015-volume-19-article-2498 [accessed on: 12.10.2024].
MONTEIRO, J., SOUSA, N., NATIVIDADE-JESUS, E. and COUTINHO-RODRIGUES, J. (2022), ‘Benchmarking City Layouts – A Methodological Approach and an Accessibility Comparison between a Real City and the Garden City’, Sustainability, 14 (9), 5029. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095029
NEWMAN, O. (1972), Defensible Space, New York: Macmillan.
OJALA, M. (2014), ‘Emotional Awareness: On the Importance of Including Emotional Aspects in Education for SD (ESD)’, Journal of Education for SD, 7, pp. 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408214526488 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408214526488
OLDENBURG, R. (1989), The great good place: cafes, coffee shops, community centers, beauty parlors, general stores, bars, hangouts, and how they get you through the day, New York: Paragon House.
SMANIOTTO, C, ERJAVEC, I. and MATHEY, J. (2008), ‘Green spaces – a key resources for urban sustainability. The GreenKeys approach for developing green spaces’, Urbani Izziv, 19 (2). https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2008-19-02-012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2008-19-02-012
STEGER, W. and LAKSHMANAN, T. (1967), ‘Plan evaluation methodologies: some aspects of decision requirements and analytical response’, [in:] JACKSON, E., MONTGOMERY, S. and CROFOOT, B. (eds), Urban development models, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College Hanover, pp. 33–71. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr97.pdf [accessed on: 08.10.2024].
STRATMANN, A. (2020) ‘Approaches of Flexible Spatial Planning to Sustainable Cities. SHAPING URBAN CHANGE – Livable City Regions for the 21st Century’, Proceedings of REAL CORP 2020, 25th International Conference on Urban Development, Regional Planning and Information Society. pp. 57–63. ISSN 2521-3938, https://repository.corp.at/711/1/CORP2020_158.pdf [accessed on: 07.10.2024].
STURUP, S. and LOW, N. (2019), ‘SD and mega infrastructure: an overview of the issues’, Journal of Mega Infrastructure & SD, 1 (1), pp. 8–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/24724718.2019.1591744
SZAREK-IWANIUK, P. (2021), ‘Measurement of spatial order as an indicator of SD of functional urban areas in regional capitals’, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 20 (2). https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.6536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.6536
TRAN, M. CHU, H. and PHAN, T. (2021), ‘Evolution of Commercial Facilities in New Urban Areas of Hanoi: Potential of Sustainable Neighborhood-level Third Place Making’, Intern Journal of Sust Construction Engineering and Technology, 12 (3), https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2021.12.03.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2021.12.03.008
UN (2014), Application of space to the SD goals, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/outer-space-and-the-sdgs-en.pdf [accessed on: 08.05.2024].
UN HABITAT (2010), Planning sustainable cities UN-HABITAT practices and perspectives, https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/1404131088wpdm_Planning%20Sustainable%20Cities%20UN-HABITAT%20Practices%20and%20Perspectives.pdf [accessed on: 12.10.2024].
UN HABITAT (2019), Sustainable urbanization and SD Goals, https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019-05/sdg_booklet_to_printer4.pdf [accessed on: 08.10.2024].
UN SD Solutions Network (2019), The European Cities SDG Index, https://euro-cities.sdgindex.org/#/ [accessed on: 08.10.2024].
WEHLE-STRZELECKA, S. and KORCZYNSKA, A. (2007), ‘Ochrona środowiska w kształtowaniu współczesnej przestrzeni miejskiej w aspekcie idei ekologicznego miasta’, Czasopismo techniczne A, 7-A, https://suw.biblos.pk.edu.pl/resources/i5/i3/i9/r539/WehleStrzeleckaS_OchronaSrodowiska.pdf [accessed on: 02.10.2024].
WHYTE, W. (1980), The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, New York: Project for Public Spaces.
WÓJCIUK, N., MILWICZ, R. and NOWOTARSKI, P. (2016), ‘Analysis of The Urban Space Perception, Transformed Under the Influence of Complementary Architecture’, Procedia Engineering, 161, pp. 1338–1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.653
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
