Prawo do szczęścia i jego konstytucjonalizacja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.64.05Słowa kluczowe:
prawo do poszukiwania szczęścia, konstytucjonalizm, dobrostan, porównawcze prawo konstytucyjneAbstrakt
Tekst podejmuje problem roli szczęścia – postrzeganego z jednej strony jako pojęcie subiektywne, z drugiej jako autonomiczna kategoria filozoficzna – w kształtowaniu konstytucji. Przy zastosowaniu analizy historycznej, teoretycznej, prawno-dogmatycznej oraz porównawczej autor prezentuje rozwój koncepcji szczęścia od jej starożytnych korzeni w myśli sokratejskiej, poglądach Arystotelesa i Kanta, aż po ich współczesne implikacje w tekstach aktów obowiązujących oraz politycznych deklaracjach programowych. W tym względzie w tekście omówione zostały próby ujęcia “szczęścia” w ramy normatywne poprzez włączenie go do preambuł konstytucyjnych i treść zasad prawnych. W artykule zawarto odniesienia do konkretnych dokumentów historycznych, w tym Deklaracji Niepodległości Stanów Zjednoczonych, powojennej konstytucji Japonii oraz konstytucji Republiki Korei. Prawne ujęcie szczęścia, tak jak sama pozaprawna definicja terminu wciąż pozostawia wiele do życzenia, zwłaszcza na płaszczyźnie konfrontacji jego wymiaru uniwersalnego oraz indywidualistycznego. Wnioski z pracy sugerują istnienie istotnych antagonizmów między idealistycznymi aspiracjami konstytucji sankcjonujących „prawo do poszukiwania szczęścia” wprost a pragmatycznymi ograniczeniami w realizacji prawnych modeli.
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