Dwie „połowy” kategoryzacji: neurokognitywne determinanty uwagi w filozoficznym sporze o modele kategoryzacji poznawczej

Aleksander Gemel; Paweł Kabziński

doi:10.18778/1689-4286.66.02

Autor

Aleksander Gemel Uniwersytet Łódzki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-7910
Paweł Kabziński Uniwersytet Łódzki https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1791-2628

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.66.02

Słowa kluczowe:

kategoryzacja, prototypowość, autyzm, centralna koherencja, mechanizmy uwagowe, hipoteza półkulowa

Abstrakt

Celem pracy jest rewizja podstaw toczonego na gruncie epistemologii sporu o modele kategoryzacji poznawczej, spolaryzowanego między przeciwstawnymi stanowiskami: modelem klasycznym i prototypowym. Zgodnie z tezą naszego artykułu, próba sprowadzenia procesu kategoryzacji do jednego modelu jest przedsięwzięciem opartym o błędne założenia, gdyż z punktu widzenia neuropsychologii oba tryby mają swoje poznawcze uzasadnienie i zwykle funkcjonują w powiązaniu. Tezy dowodzimy w oparciu o zebrane opisy sposobów kategoryzacji dokonywanych przez osoby autystyczne, dostarczając kognitywnych mechanizmów ich wyjaśnienia. Mechanizmy te, w zgodzie z teorią słabej centralnej koherencji, związane są z atypowym przebiegiem procesów uwagi. Ostatnia część pracy poświęcona jest wywiedzionej z hipotezy półkulowej Iaina McGilchrista spekulacji na temat potencjalnego neuronalnego podłoża procesów uwagowych, których charakter może skutkować odmiennymi trybami kategoryzacji. Tym samym staramy się dowieść, że neurotypowy sposób przetwarzania informacji poznawczej powinien zakładać oba tryby kognitywnej kategoryzacji, a dotychczasowe konfrontacyjne próby postawienia tego problemu nie dają możliwości doprowadzenia do zasadnej empirycznie konkluzji.

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