Orientacje społeczne a ocenianie cech partnera interakcji zależnie od jego mimicznej ekspresji emocjonalnej

Joanna Lewczuk

doi:10.18778/1427-969X.18.01

Authors

Joanna Lewczuk Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Psychologii

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-969X.18.01

Keywords:

social value orientations, orientation on the others/orientation on oneself, perception of people, Ring Measure of Social Values, facial emotional expressions

Abstract

The article is about the impact of social orientation on the relationship between generated assessments of the characteristics of another individual and emotion presented on his/her face. An omnibus type representative survey was carried out according to the experimental scheme, entirely via the Internet (N = 972). The following tools were used: a modifi ed version of the Ring Measure of Social Values (Liebrand, 1984) for the measurement of social value orientations; photographs of facial expressions (happiness, anger, neutrality) for the experimental manipulation; a scale for the assessment of perception of the individuals presented on the photographs. As expected, the link was demonstrated between social value orientations and the assessment about someone displaying various emotions on the face. Moderating nature of social orientation was connected with the degree of the orientation on the others as well as with the category of social orientation, but in relation to two of the eleven dimensions of features: “willing to cooperate” and “predictable”. The results seem to indicate the altruism orientation as the distinctive one in terms of moderating the relationship between observed emotion and generated evaluation. The results were given an interpretation, and areas were suggested in which it was worth planning additional researches that might provide the knowledge required to draw fi nal conclusions. It was highlighted that specifi c methodological solutions which might have infl uenced the structure of results were applied.

References

Abric J. C., Kahan J. P. (1972). The effects of representations and behaviour in experimental games. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 129–144.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420020203

Bahrick H. P., Bahrick P. O., Wittlinger R. P. (1975). Fifty years of memory for names and faces. A cross-sectional approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 104, 57–75.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.104.1.54

Biele C. (2002). Spostrzeganie twarzy u ludzi i zwierząt. Studia Psychologiczne, 40, 5–25.
Google Scholar

Berscheid E. (1985). Interpersonal attraction. [W:] G. Lindzey, E. Aronson (red.), The handbook of social psychology (t. 2, s. 413–484). New York: McGraw Hill.
Google Scholar

Binet C. (2003). Twarz zwierciadłem duszy. ABC morfopsychologii czyli związki między kształtami twarzy a cechami charakteru. Białystok: Studio Astropsychologii.
Google Scholar

Buss D. M. (2001). Psychologia ewolucyjna. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Google Scholar

Cantor N., Mischel W. (1993). Prototypy w spostrzeganiu osób. [W:] T. Maruszewski (red.), Poznanie, afekt, zachowanie (s. 20–52). Warszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Carnevale P. (1977). Cooperators, competitors and individualists encode nonverbal affect. Paper read at the Eastern Psychological Association Convention. Boston, Mass.
Google Scholar

Dolata E. (2001). Psychologia poznawania twarzy i ich ekspresji. Białystok: Trans Humana.
Google Scholar

Doliński D. (2003). Ekspresja emocji. Emocje podstawowe i pochodne. [W:] J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 2, s. 351–367). Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Google Scholar

Ekman P., Friesen W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17 (2), 124–129.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030377

Ekman P., Sorenson E. R., Friesen W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in the facial displays of emotions. Science, 164, 86–88.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.86

Fehr E., Kosfeld M., Heinrichs M., Zak P. J., Fischbacher U. (2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435, 673–676.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03701

Field T. M., Woodson R., Greenberg R., Cohen D. (1982). Discrimination and imitation of facial expression by neonates. Science, 281, 179–181.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7123230

Frank R. H. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of the emotions. New York: W. W. Norton.
Google Scholar

Frank R. H., Gilovich T., Regan D. (1993). The evolution of one-shot cooperation. Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, 247–256.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(93)90020-I

Frąckiewicz W. (2000). Percepcja twarzy: schematy preferowane a rodzicielskie. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 3, 143–153.
Google Scholar

Friedman H. S. (1979). The interactive effects of facial expressions of emotion and verbal messages on perceptions of affective meaning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 453–469.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(79)90008-8

Griesinger D. W., Livingstone J. W. (1973). Toward a model of interpersonal motivation in experimental games. Behavioral Science, 18, 73–78.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830180305

Grzelak J. Ł. (1982). Preferences and cognitive processes in interdependence situations: a theoretical analysis of cooperation. [W:] V. Derlega i J. Grzelak (red.), Cooperation and helping behavior. Theory and research (s. 97–127). New York: Academic Press.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-210820-4.50010-1

Grzelak J. Ł. (1988). Homo economicus uspołeczniony? Motywacyjne i poznawcze uwarunkowania działania w interesie społecznym. Studia Psychologiczne, 26, 5–30.
Google Scholar

Grzelak J. Ł. (2001). Kontrola, preferencje kontroli, postawy wobec problemów społecznych. [W:] M. Lewicka, J. Grzelak (red.), Jednostka i społeczeństwo (s. 131–149). Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Google Scholar

Grzelak J. Ł. (2003). Współzależność społeczna. [W:] J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 3, s. 125–145). Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Google Scholar

Grzelak J. Ł., Kuhlman D. M., Yeagley E., Joireman J. A. (2009). Attraction toprospective dyadic relationships: Effects of fate control, refl exive control, and partner’s trustworthiness. [W:] R. M. Kramer, M. H. Bazerman, A. E. Tenbrunsel (red.), Social decision making: Social dilemmas, social values, and ethical judgments (s. 205–237). New York: Psychology Press.
Google Scholar

Grzelak J. Ł., Ossewska E., Wyszogrodzki D., Bobrowski K. (1994). 3 less than 2? A negative effect of the number of allocation participants on prosocial orientations. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 25, 223–240. Hamburger H., Guyer M., Fox
Google Scholar

Hamburger H., Guyer M., Fox J. (1975). Group size and cooperation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 19, 503–531.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002200277501900307

Hirshberg L. M., Svejda M. (1990). When infants look to their parents: Infants’ social referencing of mothers compared to fathers. Child Development, 61, 1175–1186.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02851.x

Jakubiec H. (2008). Czy istnieją uniwersalne gatunkowo i stabilne w czasie cechy fizyczne twarzy człowieka zdradzające jego orientację społeczną? Niepublikowana praca magisterska, Wydział Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.
Google Scholar

Johnson M. H., Dziurawiec S., Ellis H., Morton J. (1991). Newborns preferential tracking of facelike stimuli and its subsequent decline. Cognition, 40, 1–19.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(91)90045-6

Jones B. C., Little A. C., Boothroyd L. G., DeBruine L. M., Feinberg D. R., Law Smith M. J., Cornwell R. E., Moore F. R., Perrett D. I. (2005). Commitment to relationships and preferences for femininity and apparent health in faces are strongest on days of the menstrual cycle when progesterone level is high. Hormones and Behavior, 48, 283–290.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.03.010

Kelley H. H., Stahelski A. J. (1970). Social interaction basis of cooperator’s and competitor’s beliefs about others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 66–91.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029849

Kelley H. H., Thibaut J. W. (1978). Interpersonal Relations: A theory of interdependence. New York: Wiley.
Google Scholar

Kopelman S., Weber J. M., Messick D. M. (2002). Factors infl uencing cooperation in commons dilemmas: A review of experimental psychological research. [W:] E. Ostrom, T. Dietz, N. Dolsak, P. C. Stern, S. Stonich, E. U. Weber (red.), The Drama of the Commons (s. 113–156). Washington: National Academy Press.
Google Scholar

Kozielecki J. (1975). Psychologiczna teoria decyzji. Warszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Kuhlman D. M., Carnevale P. (1984). Nonverbal demeanor as a function of social orientation. Poster presented at the Convention of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Canada.
Google Scholar

Kuhlman D. M., Fasolo P., Kiotas J., Pomare M. (1989). Facial expressions of emotion as signals of social orientation. Poster presented at the Second International Conference on Social Orientation, Warsaw, Poland.
Google Scholar

Kuhlman D. M., Marshello A. (1975). Individual differences in game motivation as moderators of preprogrammed strategy effects in prisoner’s dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 922–931.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.922

Kuhlman D. M., Wimberley D. C. (1976). Expectations of choice behavior held by cooperators, competitors and individualists across four classes of experimental games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 69–81.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.1.69

Kuhlman D. M., Fasolo P., Kiotas J., Pomare M. (1989). Facial expressions of emotion as signals of social, 89, 308–324.
Google Scholar

Latane B., Nida S. (1981). Ten years of group size and helping. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 308–324.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.89.2.308

Liebrand W. B. G. (1984). The effect of social motives, communication and group size on behaviour in a N-person multi-stage mixed-motive game. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 239–264.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420140302

Liebrand W. B. G., McClintock C. G. (1988). The ring measure of social values: A computerized procedure for assessing individual differences in information processing and social value orientation. European Journal of Personality, 2, 217–230.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410020304

Liebrand W. B. G., Jansen R. W. T. L., Rijken V. M., Suhre C. J. M. (1986). Might over morality: Social values and the perception of other players in experimental games. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 203–215.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90024-7

Maki J. E., McClintock C. G. (1983). The accuracy of social value prediction: Actor and observer influences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 829–838.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.829

Maki J. E., Thorngate W. B., McClintock C. G. (1979). Prediction and perception of social motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 203–220.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.2.203

McClintock C. G., Liebrand W. B. G. (1988). Role of interdependence structure, individual value orientation, and another’s strategy in social decision making: A transformational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 396–409.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.3.396

Messick D. M., McClintock C. G. (1968). Motivational basis of choice in experimental games. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 4, 1–25.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(68)90046-2

Ohme R. K. (2003). Podprogowe informacje mimiczne. Ujęcie psychologii eksperymentalnej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Psychologii PAN.
Google Scholar

Rutkowska D., Szuster A. (red.) (2008). O różnych obliczach altruizmu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Google Scholar

Sattler D. N., Kerr N. L. (1991). Might versus morality explained: Motivational and cognitive interpersonal orientation. American Journal of Sociology, 71, 179–186.
Google Scholar

Schulz U. (1986). The influence of social orientation and generalized expectancies on decision making in interated experimental games. [W:] R. Tietz, W. Albers, R. Stellen (red.), Bounded rational behaviour in experimental games and markets (s. 95–110). Berlin: Springen-Verlag.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48356-1_8

Shelley G. P., Page M. J., Rives P., Yeagley E., Kuhlman D. M. (2009). Nonverbal communication and detection of individual differences in social value orientation. [W:] R. M. Kramer, M. H. Bazerman, A. E. Tenbrunsel (red.), Social decision making: Social dilemmas, social values, and ethical judgments (s. 147–169). New York: Psychology Press.
Google Scholar

Solomon E. P., Berg L. R., Martin D. W., Villee C. A. (1996). Biologia. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Multico.
Google Scholar

Swingle P. G., Santi A. (1972). Communication in non-zero-sum games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 54–64.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032878

van Lange P. A. M. (2000). What people look for in others: Influences of the perceiver and perceived on information selection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 206–219.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200264007

van Lange P. A. M., Liebrand W. B. G. (1989). On perceiving morality and potency: Social values and the effects of person perception in a give-some dilemma. European Journal of Personality, 3, 209–225.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030306

Wieczorkowska-Wierzbicka G. (2010). Statystyka: analiza badań społecznych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Google Scholar