Personal Resources in AI-Assisted Translation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.23.01Keywords:
translation, translator training, augmentation, metacognition, reflective practiceAbstract
Translation has been fundamentally reshaped by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which increasingly dictates workflows that boost human efficiency but diminish human agency. While these tools may indeed enhance efficiency, they simultaneously erode the cognitive and reflective dimensions of translator practice and education. This article highlights personal resources as essential for sustaining judgment and professional autonomy. AI-assisted tools have indeed transformed the ways translators work and learn, but they cannot replace the uniquely human capacity for purposeful self-development, which is the central focus of this article. The article emphasises how fostering personal resources in translator education can empower future professionals to not only adapt to technological change but to shape it consciously and ethically. The underlying assumption is idealistic, perhaps, yet essential for preserving translation quality and the evolving identity of translators. Translator education should nurture individuals who are not only competent but also human, humane and fully engaged in their professional and personal growth.
References
Amato, Luanne M., and Christine Schoettle. 2023. ‘Using Artificial Intelligence Ethically and Responsibly: Best Practices in Higher Education’. In Creative AI Tools and Ethical Implications in Teaching and Learning, edited by Jared Keengwe, 19–31. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0205-7.ch002 [Accessed: 2 November 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0205-7.ch002
Atkinson, David P. 2012. Freelance translator success and psychological skill: A study of translator competence with perspectives from work psychology. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Barnett, Sofia. 2023. ‘ChatGPT Is Making Universities Rethink Plagiarism’. Wired, 30 January 2023. https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-college-university-plagiarism/ [Accessed: 2 November 2025].
Bolaños-Medina, A. 2016. “Translation psychology within the framework of translator studies. New research perspectives and pedagogical implications.” In C. M. de León and V. González-Ruiz (eds) From the lab to the classroom and back again: Perspectives on translation and interpreting training. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pp. 59–100.
Borg, Claudine, Carmen Heine and Hanna Risku. 2025. Observations and Diaries. In Ana María Rojo López und Ricardo Muñoz Martín (eds.), Research Methods in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies, 108-132. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.10.05bor [Accessed: 1 November 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.10.05bor
Chen, Pingqing. 2024. The Impact of Generative AI on the Role of Translators and Its Implications for Translation Education”. Education Insights 1 (2): 31-40. https://doi.org/10.70088/kc9vk395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.70088/kc9vk395
Chiu, Thomas K. F., Xia, Qi., Xia, Qi., Zhou, Xinyan., Chai, Ching Sing., Cheng, Miaoting. 2023. “Systemic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research recommendations of artificial intelligence in education”. Computers and Education: Artificial intelligence 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100118
EMT (2022). Competence framework 2022. European Commission. https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/emt_competence_fwk_2022_en.pdf [Accessed: 2 November 2025].
González-Davies, Maria. 2004. Multiple Voices in the Translation Classroom. Activities, Tasks and Projects. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.54
González-Davies, Maria. 2021. “Student agency in translator training. Setting a framework for good practices.” Research in Language 19 (2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.2.02 Available at: https://digijournals.uni.lodz.pl/rela/vol19/iss2/2/ [Accessed: 2 November 2025] DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.2.02
Gurov, Andrey. 2023. ‘Advances in Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Literary Translation’. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4465129 [Accessed: 2 November 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4465129
Haque, Md. Asraful, and Shuai Li. 2024. ‘Exploring ChatGPT and Its Impact on Society’. AI and Ethics, February. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00435-4 [Accessed: 31st October 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00435-4
Hansen, Gyde. 2006. ‘Retrospection Methods in Translator Training and Translation Research’. Journal of Specialised Translation 5 (1): 2–41. https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2006.763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2006.763
Haro-Soler, M. M. 2017. “Teaching practices and translation students’ self-efficacy: The teachers’ perceptions.” Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning 4, pp. 198–228.
Haro-Soler, Maria and Kiraly, Don. 2019. “Exploring self-efficacy beliefs in symbiotic collaboration with students: an action research project”. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 13(3), pp. 255-270, https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2019.1656405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2019.1656405
Haro-Soler, María del Mar. 2021. How Can Translation Teachers Care for Their Students? A Case Study on Verbal Persuasion and Translation Students’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs. New Voices in Translation Studies 24 (1). 46-71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14456/nvts.2021.4 [Accessed: 1 November 2025].
Hayes, Catherine. 2023. ‘Hyperbole or Hypothetical? Ethics for AI in the Future of Applied Pedagogy’. In Creative Artificial Intelligence Tools and Ethical Implications in Teaching, edited by Jared Keengwe. Pennsylvania, PA: IGI Global. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/16259/ https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0205-7.ch001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0205-7.ch001
Heine, Carmen. 2020. Fremdsprachliche Schreibkompetenz und angeleitete Selbstreflexion. Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht 25 (1). 373-395. Available from: https://zif.tujournals.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/article/id/3237/ [Accessed: 1 November 2025]
Heine, Carmen. 2025. Revisiting reflection: AI-driven transformation of translation reflection, Research in Language [this volume] https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.23.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.23.02
Herbert, Sarah, Félix do Carmo, Joanna Gough, and Anu Carnegie-Brown. 2023. ‘From Responsibilities to Responsibility: A Study of the Effects of Translation Workflow Automation’. Journal of Specialised Translation 40: 9–35. https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2023.523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2023.523
Hobfoll, Stevan. E. 2002. “Social and psychological resources and adaptation.” Review of General Psychology 6, pp. 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.6.4.307
Hobfoll, Stevan. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., and Jackson, A. P. 2003. “Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84, pp. 632–643. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.84.3.632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.84.3.632
Hobfoll, S., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J., and Westman, M. 2018. Conservation of Resources in the Organizational Context: The Reality of Resources and Their Consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5(1), pp. 103–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych032117-104640 [Accessed: 31st October 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine. 2009. “Personal diversity and diverse personalities in translation: A study of individual differences.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 17, pp. 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760903249380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760903249380
Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine. 2013. “Emotional intelligence and translation studies: A new bridge.” Meta: Journal des traducteurs 58, p. 324. https://doi.org/10.7202/1024177ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1024177ar
Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine. 2017. Translation and emotion: A psychological perspective. Oxon and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315720388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315720388
Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine. 2020. “Ethical stress in the translation and interpreting professions.” In K. Koskinen and N. Pokorn (eds) The Routledge handbook of translation and ethics. Abingdon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003127970-31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003127970-31
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A. 2023. ‘Augmentation and Translation Crowdsourcing: Are Collaborative Translators’ Minds Truly “Augmented”?’ Translation, Cognition & Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00079.jim [Accessed: 31st October 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00079.jim
Jiang, Zeyuan. 2025. Does LLM translation align with translation universals? A cross-genre simplification study on English-Chinese translation based on dependency grammar. PLoS One 20(6):e0324830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324830
Kelly, D. 2005. A Handbook for Translator Trainers: A Guide to Reflective Practice. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Klimkowski, Konrad. 2015. Towards a Shared Curriculum in Translator and Interpreter Education, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Filologicznej.
Knowles M. 1975. Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers, New York, Toronto: Cambridge Adult Education Company.
Kornacki Michał and Paulina Pietrzak. 2024. Hybrid Workflows in Translation: Integrating GenAI into Translator Training, London/New York: Routledge.
Kußmaul, Paul. 1995. Training the Translator. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.10 [Accessed: 2 November 2025] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.10
Lommel, Arle. 2020. ‘Augmented Translation: Are We There Yet? - Our Analysts’ Insights’. CSA Research. 4 November 2020. https://csa-research.com/Blogs-Events/Blog/augmented-translation-2020 [Accessed: 31st October 2025].
Longoni, Chiara, Stephanie Tully, and Azim Shariff. 2023. ‘Plagiarizing AI-Generated Content Is Seen As Less Unethical and More Permissible’, June. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/na3wb DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/na3wb
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. 2006. Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior 27, pp. 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373
Martin, Florence., Zhuang, Min., Schaefer, Darlene. “Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in K-12 education (2017-2022)”. Computers and Education: Artificial intelligence 6 (7): 100195, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100195
Mezirow, Jack. 2003. “Transformative Learning as Discourse.” Journal of Transformative Learning 1(1), pp. 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344603252172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344603252172
Muñoz Martín, Ricardo 2022. Hermits with Duden, tipex and an Olivetti Studio 45. Revista Tradumàtica. Tecnologies de la Traducció, 20, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.327 [Accessed: 31st October 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.327
Muñoz Martín, Ricardo. 2025. “Do Translators Dream of Electric Brains?” Fachsprache. Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication 47.1–2: 88–108. https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v47i1-2.4001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v47i1-2.4001
Muñoz Martín, Ricardo and Christian Olalla-Soler. 2022. Translating is not (only) problem solving. JosTrans – Journal of Specialised Translation, 38, 3–31. https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2022.081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2022.081
Norberg, Ulf. 2014. ‘Fostering Self-Reflection in Translation Students: The Value of Guided Commentaries’. Translation and Interpreting Studies 9 (1): 150–64. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.9.1.08nor DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.9.1.08nor
Núñez, J. L., and Bolaños-Medina, A. 2018. Predictors of problem-solving in translation: Implications for translator training. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 12 (3), pp. 282–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2017.1359762 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2017.1359762
O’Brien, Sharon 2023. Human-Centered augmented translation: against antagonistic dualisms. Perspectives, 32(3), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2247423 [Accessed: 2 November 2025]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2247423
Pietrzak, Paulina. 2019. “Scaffolding student self-reflection in translator training.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 14 (3), pp. 416–436. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.18029.pie DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.18029.pie
Pietrzak, Paulina. 2022. Metacognitive translator training: focus on personal resources. London: Palgrave. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97038-3
Sun, Sanjun., Liu, Kanglong., Moratto Riccardo. 2025. Translation Studies in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. London/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003482369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003482369
Schraw, Gregory and Rayne Sperling Dennison. 1994. “Assessing metacognitive awareness.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 19, pp. 460–475. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1994.1033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1994.1033
Schön, Donald, A. 1983. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic Books.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
