How Incorporating Deliberate Practice in Work Placement May Contribute to Developing Expertise in Translators

Authors

  • Agata Sadza University of Łódź, Poland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.2.07

Keywords:

translation work placement, translation internship, deliberate practice, translator training, translation expertise

Abstract

The article explores some of the ways in which work placement that accompanies or follows academic instruction may contribute to stimulating trainee translators’ professional development. Inspired by general and profession-specific concepts and components of expertise proposed by researchers in the field of cognitive sciences and translation studies as well as her own experience as a translator, translation trainer, and work placement mentor, the author presents some of her observations and preliminary highlights of her ongoing research to emphasise how individualised support for trainees’ conscious effort in the course of work placement in a translation company may help novice translators hone their skills and at the same time assume responsibility for their own development, thus empowering them and setting them on track to become experts. In her considerations, the author refers to the minimal concept of translation expertise propounded by Muñoz Martín (2014) and to the notion of deliberate practice as posited by Ericsson et al. (1993) to propose how deliberate practice may be implemented as one of the significant elements of translation work placement in a student-centred course of learning, where various aspects of the actual workplace setting contribute to increased readiness for conscious effort in trainees. This paper may prove of use to translator trainers as well as work placement mentors/coordinators, both on the part of the academic institution, and within the organisation accepting trainees, when they shape or revise their curricula or work placement agendas.

References

Baert, Stijn & Neyt, Brecht Siedler & Thomas, Tobback & Ilse Verhaest, Dieter. 2021. Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation: A field experiment. [Online] Economics of Education Review, Volume 83, August 2021, 10214. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102141 [Accessed: 12th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102141

Bohle Carbonell, Katerina & Stalmeijer, Renée E. & Könings, Karen D. & Segers, Mien & van Merriënboer, Jeroen J.G. 2014. How experts deal with novel situations: A review of adaptive expertise. Educational Research Review, Volume 12 (2014). 14-29. [Online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2014.03.001. [Accessed: 1st August 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2014.03.001

Castilho, Sheila & Moorkens, Joss & Gaspari, Federico & Calixto, Iacer & Tinsley, John & Way, Andy. 2017. Is Neural Machine Translation the New State of the Art? The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/108. 109-120. 10.1515/pralin-2017-0013. [Accessed: 12 August 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0013

Chi, Michelene T. H. & Glaser, Robert & Rees, Ernest. 1981. Expertise in Problem Solving. Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh. [Online]. Available from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED215899.pdf. [Accessed: 1st August 2021].
Google Scholar

Collins, K.T. et al. 1973. Key words in education. Longman.
Google Scholar

Cravo, Ana & Neves, Josélia. 2007. Action Research in Translation Studies. The Journal of Specialised Translation, Issue 7, January 2007. 92-107. [Online] Available from: https://www.jostrans.org/ [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar

Ericsson, Karl & Krampe, Ralf & Tesch-Roemer, Clemens. 1993. The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance. Psychological Review. 100(3). 363-406. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363 [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363

Ericsson, Karl & Charness, Neil. 1994. Expert Performance: Its Structure and Acquisition. American Psychologist. 49. 725-747. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725

Ericsson, Karl & Lehmann, Andreas. 1996. Expert and exceptional performance: evidence of maximal adaptations to task constraints. Annual Review of Psychology 47(1). 273-305. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273

Ericsson, Karl. 2002. Attaining Excellence Through Deliberate Practice: Insights from the Study of Expert Performance. In Michel Ferrari (ed.) The Pursuit of Excellence Through Education. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 21-55
Google Scholar

Ericsson, Karl. 2014. Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms. Intelligence, 45 (2014). 81-103. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001

Ericsson, Karl & Harwell, Kyle W. 2019. Deliberate Practice and Proposed Limits on the Effects of Practice on the Acquisition of Expert Performance: Why the Original Definition Matters and Recommendations for Future Research. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 10/2019. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02396. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02396

Gambier, Yves. 2010. Translation strategies and tactics. In Yves Gambier, Luc van Doorslaer (ed.) Handbook of Translation Studies vol. 1. 412-418. John Benjamins Publishing Company,
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.tra7

Gentzler, Edwin. 2014. Translation Studies: Pre-Discipline, Discipline, Interdiscipline, and Post-Discipline. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 2, Issue 2 (Special Issue on Translation, Society & Culture), 2014. 13-24.
Google Scholar

Gonzalez, Maite. 2014. Changing Perspectives: aligning the placement curriculum with current industry needs. Investigations in university teaching and learning, 9. 61-69. [Online] Available from: http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/id/eprint/333 [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar

Hambrick, Zach & Oswald, Frederick & Altmann, Erik & Meinz, Elisabeth & Gobet, Fernand & Campitelli, Guillermo. 2013. Deliberate practice: Is that all it takes to become an expert? Intelligence, 45 (2014). 34-35. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.001. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.001

Hambrick, Zach & Oswald, Frederick & Altmann, Erik & Meinz, Elisabeth & Gobet, Fernand & Campitelli, Guillermo. 2013. Accounting for expert performance: The devil is in the details. Intelligence, 45 (2014). 112-114. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.01.007. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.01.007

Hatano, Giyoo & Inagaki, Kayoko. 1984. Two Courses of Expertise. In RESEARCH AND CLINICAL CENTER FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT Annual Report. Volume 6. 27-36. [Online] Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/25206. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar

Inceoglu, Ilke & Selenko, Eva & McDowall, Almuth & Schlachter, Svenja. 2019. (How) Do work placements work? Scrutinizing the quantitative evidence for a theory-driven future research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 110, Part B, 2019. 317-337. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.09.002. [Accessed: 22nd July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.09.002

Kiraly, Don & Piotrowska, Maria. 2014. Towards an Emergent Development Curriculum Development Model for the European Graduate Placement Scheme. In Pixel (ed.) Conference Proceedings. The Future of Education. 4th Edition. libreriauniversitaria.it Edizioni. 368-373. [Online] Available from: https://books.google.pl. [Accessed: 22nd July 2021].
Google Scholar

Macnamara, Brooke N. & Moreau, David & Hambrick, David Z. 2016. The relationship between deliberate practice and performance in sports: a meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science 11. 333–350. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635591. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635591

Markus, Hazel & Wurf, Elissa. 1987. The Dynamic Self-Concept: A Social Psychological Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology. 1987.38. 299-337
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.38.020187.001503

Maučec, Mirjam & Donaj, Gregor. 2019. Machine Translation and the Evaluation of Its Quality. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89063 [Accessed: 12 August 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89063

Muñoz Martín, Ricardo. 2010. On paradigms and cognitive translatology. In Gregory Shreve & Erik Angelon (ed.) Translation and Cognition. 169–187. John Benjamins.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ata.xv.10mun

Muñoz Martín, Ricardo. 2014. Situating Translation Expertise: A Review with a Sketch of a Construct. In John W. Schwieter, Aline Ferreira (ed.) The development of translation competence: Theories and methodologies from psycholinguistics and cognitive science. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2-56.
Google Scholar

Nergaard, Stefano & Arduini, Siri. 2011. Translation: A new paradigm. Translation: An interdisciplinary Journal, inaugural issue, 8-17. [Online] Available from: academia.edu. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar

Nunley, John, M. & Pugh, Adam & Romero, Nicholas & Seals, Alan, R., Jr. 2016. College major, internship experience, and employment opportunities: Estimates from a Resume audit. Labour Economics. Volume 38, January 2016. 37-46. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2015.11.002. [Accessed: 12th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2015.11.002

Pym, Anthony et al. 2003. Innovation and e-learning in translator training. Torragona: Intercultural Studies Group & Universitat Roviva I Virgili.
Google Scholar

Risku, Hanna. 2016. Situated learning in translation research training: academic research as a reflection of practice. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 10:1. 12-28. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2016.1154340. [Accessed: 20th July 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2016.1154340

Schlenker, Barry R. 1985. Identity and self-identification. In B. R. Schlenker (ed.), The self and social life. New York: McGraw-Hill. 65-99.
Google Scholar

Schvaneveldt, Roger W. & Durso, Francis T. & Goldsmith, Timothy E. & Breen, Timothy J. & Cooke, Nancy M. & Tucker, Richard G. & C. De Maio, Joseph. 1985. Measuring the structure of expertise. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. Volume 23, Issue 6, 1985. 699-728.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(85)80064-X

Shreve, Gregory. 2006. The Deliberate Practice: Translation and Expertise. Journal of Translation Studies 9 (1) (2006). 27–42.
Google Scholar

Snell-Hornby, Mary & Pöcchacker, Franz & Kaindl, Klaus (ed.) (1994). Translation Studies. An Interdiscipline. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.2

Tiselius, Elisabet. 2013. Expertise without Deliberate Practice? The case of simultaneous interpreters. The Interpreters' Newsletter. 18. 1-15.
Google Scholar

Toury, Gideon. 1980. In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, the Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics.
Google Scholar

Toury, Gideon. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.4

Ward, Paul & Gore, Julie & Hutton, Robert & Conway, Gareth E. & Hoffman, Robert R. 2018. Adaptive Skill as the Conditio Sine Qua Non of Expertise. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1,2018. 35-50. [Online] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.01.009. [Accessed: 12th August 2021].
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.01.009

Downloads

Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

Sadza, A. (2021). How Incorporating Deliberate Practice in Work Placement May Contribute to Developing Expertise in Translators. Research in Language, 19(2), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.2.07

Issue

Section

Articles