A Pedagogical Evaluation of Intra-Sentential Code-Switching Patterns in L2 Classroom Talk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0003-8Keywords:
intra-sentential code-switching, language alternation, code-mixing, borrowing, transfer, classroom discourseAbstract
The paper is concerned with teachers’ and students’ alternation between L1 and L2 within the same utterance, i.e. uses of intra-sentential code-switching which in classroom discourse tends to be less accepted by modern language pedagogy than its inter-sentential counterpart. The rationale for the study is the universal nature of the phenomenon known to occur in the first place in interactions among natural bilinguals and multilinguals. The data analysis sections of the article review eight different patterns which are evaluated pedagogically. It transpires that the category most likely to arouse methodological controversy is code-mixing.
References
Auer, P. 1995. The pragmatics of codeswitching: A sequential approach. In L. Milroy and P. Muysken (eds) One Speaker, Two Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 115–135.
Google Scholar
Bakker, P. 2003. Mixed languages as autonomous systems. In Y. Matras and P. Bakker (eds) The Mixed Language Debate. Theoretical and Empirical Advances. Berlin/New York: Mouton De Gruyter. 107–150.
Google Scholar
Björk-Willén, P. 2008. Routine trouble: How preschool children participate in multilingual instruction. Applied Linguistics 29/4: 555-577.
Google Scholar
Bourguignon, C. H., B. Py and A-M. Ragot. 1994. Recherche sur L‘école Maternelle Bilingue en Vallée d’Aoste, Aspects Psycholinguistiques. Aoste: IRRSAE.
Google Scholar
Chan, B. 2004. Beyond ‘contextualization’. Code-switching as a ‘textualization cue’. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23/1: 7-27.
Google Scholar
Clyne, M. 1967. Transference and Triggering. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Google Scholar
Clyne, M. 2003. Dynamics of Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
de Bot, K. 2002. Cognitive processes in bilinguals: Language choice and codeswitching. In R. Kaplan (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 287-300.
Google Scholar
Deumert, A. 2004. The unbearable lightness of being bilingual: English-Afrikaans language contact in South Africa. Language Sciences 27: 113-135.
Google Scholar
Dirim, İ. and A. Hieronymus. 2003. Cultural orientation and language use among multilingual youth groups: ‘For me it is like we all speak one language’. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 24/1-2: 42-55.
Google Scholar
Eldridge, J. 1996. Code-switching in a Turkish secondary school. ELT Journal 50: 303-311.
Google Scholar
Finlayson, R., K. Calteaux and C. Myers-Scotton. 1998. Orderly mixing and accommodation in South African codeswitching. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2/3: 395-420.
Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. 1982. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Macaro, E. 2001. Analysing student teachers’ codeswitching in foreign language classrooms: Theories and decision making. The Modern Language Journal 85/4: 531-548.
Google Scholar
Majer, H. and J. Majer. 1996. Teacher talk: Theory and classroom realities. In J. Field, A. Graham and M. Peacock (eds) Insights 1. Whitstable, Kent: IATEFL. 13-22.
Google Scholar
Majer, J. 1983. A Study of Foreign Language Learners’ Lexical Borrowings. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo WSP w Bydgoszczy.
Google Scholar
Majer, J. 2003. Interactive Discourse in the Foreign Language Classroom. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Google Scholar
Majer, J. 2006. Code-switching in classroom talk: A continuing controversy of language pedagogy. In J. Zybert (ed) Issues in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. 124-146.
Google Scholar
Majer, J. 2009 (forthcoming). Code-switching patterns in bilingual communities of practice: A pedagogical perspective. Włocławek: Wydawnictwo PWSZ we Włocławku.
Google Scholar
McCormick, K. 2003. Language in Cape Town’s District Six. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Moore, D. 2002. Case study. Code-switching and learning in the classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 5/5: 279-293.
Google Scholar
Morimoto, Y. 1999. Making words in two languages: A prosodic account of Japanese-English language mixing. The International Journal of Bilingualism. 3/1: 23-44.
Google Scholar
Muller, A. and H. Baetens Beardsmore. 2004. Multilingual interaction in plurilingual classes – European school practice. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 7/1: 24-42.
Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C. 2002. Contact Linguistics. Bilingual Encounters and Grammatical Outcomes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Ncoko, S. O. S., R. Osman and K. Cockroft. 2000. Codeswitching among multilingual learners in primary schools in South Africa: An exploratory study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 3/4: 225-241.
Google Scholar
Nussbaum, L. 1991. La lengua materna en clase de lengua extranjera: Entre la ayuda y el obstáculo. Signos 4: 36–47.
Google Scholar
Paprocka-Piotrowska, U. 2008. Conter au risque de tout changer. Complexité contextuelle et référence aux procès dans l’acquisition du français L2 et du polonais L2. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL.
Google Scholar
Pekarek, S. 1999. Stratégies de communication bilingues en classe de L2? Enjeu Xacquisitionnels et enjeux communicatifs. AILE Numéro Spécial 1999. La Personne Bilingue. Eurosla-CNRS-British Institute-Paris 8. 127–141.
Google Scholar
Poplack, S. 1980. Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in English y termino en español: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics 18: 581-616.
Google Scholar
Romaine, S. 1995. Bilingualism. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Google Scholar
Üstünel, E. and P. Seedhouse. 2005. Why that, in that language, right now? Codeswitching and pedagogical focus. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 15/3: 302-325.
Google Scholar
Yau, F. M. 1997. Code switching and language choice in the Hong Kong Legislative Council. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18/1: 42-53.
Google Scholar
Yule, G. and E. Tarone. 1997. Investigating communication strategies in L2 reference: Pros and cons. In G. Kasper and E. Kellerman (eds), Communication Strategies. Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Perspectives. London: Longman. 17-30.
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.