(Non-)Determining the Original Speaker: Reportative Particles versus Verbs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10015-012-0014-8Keywords:
Basque, pragmatics, semantics, propositionAbstract
This work argues that the Basque reportative particle omen contributes to the propositional contents of the utterance, and it is not an illocutionary force indicator, contrary to what seems to be suggested by the standard view on omen. The results of the application of the assent/dissent test for the case of omen show that subjects not only accept a rejection of the reported content (p), but also a rejection of the evidential content (pomen) itself. The results are similar to those of the verb esan ‘to say’. It is, then, proposed that the difference between these two elements can be explained by distinguishing between the contents of the utterances (with Korta & Perry 2007, 2011), regarding the (non-)articulation of the original speaker.
References
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (2004). “Evidentiality. Problems and challenges”. In P. van Sterkenburg (Ed.), Linguistics today: facing a greater challenge (1-29). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Google Scholar
Beaver, David I. (2001). “Presuppositions and how to spot them”. In D. Beaver, Presupposition and assertion in dynamic semantics (7-30). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
Google Scholar
Etxepare, Ricardo (2010). “Omen bariazioan”. In B. Fernandez, P. Albizu & R. Etxepare (Eds.), Euskara eta euskarak: aldakortasun sintaktikoa aztergai (85-112). Bilbao: UPV-EHU.
Google Scholar
Euskaltzaindia (1987). Euskal gramatika. Lehen urratsak II. Bilbao.
Google Scholar
Faller, Martina T. (2002). Semantics and pragmatics of evidentials in Cuzco Quechua. PhD dissertation, Stanford University.
Google Scholar
Faller, Martina (2006). “Evidentiality below and above speech acts” (manuscript, preparing to print, in C. Paradis & L. Egberg, Functions of language on evidentiality). http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/martina.t.faller/documents/EvidentialityAbove.Below.pdf [created in 12th May 2006]
Google Scholar
Garrett, Edward John (2001). Evidentiality and assertion in Tibetan. PhD dissertation, University of California.
Google Scholar
Green, Mitchell S. (2000). “Illocutionary force and semantic content”. Linguistics and philosophy, 23, 435-473.
Google Scholar
Grice, Paul (1967a). “Logic and conversation”. In D. Davidson & G. Harman (Eds.) (1975), The logic of grammar (64-75). Encino: Dickenson. Also published in P. Cole & J.L. Morgan (Eds.) (1975), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech acts (41-58). New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in P. Grice (1989), Studies in the way of words (22-40). Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Grice, Paul (1967b). “Further notes on logic and conversation”. In P. Cole (Ed.) (1978), Syntax and semantics 9: Pragmatics (113-128). New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in P. Grice (1989), Studies in the way of words (41-57). Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Ifantidou, Elly (2001). Evidentials and relevance. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. PhD thesis.
Google Scholar
Izvorski, Roumyana (1997). “The present perfect as an epistemic modal”. In A. Lawson (Ed.), SALT VII (222-239). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
Google Scholar
Jendraschek, Gerd (2003). La modalité épistémique en basque. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
Google Scholar
Kaplan, David (1989). “Demonstratives”. In J. Almog, J. Perry & H. Wettstein (Eds.), Themes from Kaplan (481-563). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Korta, Kepa & John Perry (2007). “How to say things with words”. In S.L. Tsohatzidis (Ed.), John Searle's philosophy of language: force, meaning, and thought (169-189). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Korta, Kepa & John Perry (2011). Critical pragmatics: An inquiry into reference and communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Korta, Kepa & John Perry (2013). “Highlights of Critical Pragmatics: reference and the contents of the utterance”. Intercultural Pragmatics, 10 (1), 161-182.
Google Scholar
Korta, Kepa & Larraitz Zubeldia (2014). “The contribution of evidentials to utterance content: Evidence from the Basque reportative particle omen. Language, to appear.
Google Scholar
Kratzer, Angelika (1981). “The notional category of modality”. In H.-J. Eikmeyer & H. Reiser (Eds.), Words, worlds, and contexts: New approaches in word semantics (38- 74). New York: De Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Kratzer, Angelika (1991). “Modality”. In A. Von Stechow & D. Wunderlich (Eds.), An internacional handbook of contemporary research (639-650). Berlin: de Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Matthewson, Lisa, Henry Davis & Hotze Rullmann (2007). “Evidentials as epistemic modals: Evidence from St’át’imcets”. In J. Van Craenenbroeck (Ed.), Linguistics variation yearbook 2007 (201-254). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Google Scholar
Matthewson, Lisa (2013). “Evidence about evidentials: Where fieldwork meets theory”. In B. Stolterfoht & S. Featherston (Eds.), Proceedings of linguistic evidence. Berlin: De Gruyter. To appear. http://www.linguistics.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/LingEvidpaperMatthewson.pdf [created on 9th April 2011].
Google Scholar
McCready, Eric & Norry Ogata (2007). “Evidentiality, modality and probability”. Linguistics and Philosophy, 30, 147-206.
Google Scholar
Mitxelena, Luis (1987). Orotariko euskal hiztegia. Bilbao: Euskaltzaindia.
Google Scholar
Murray, Sara (2010). Evidentiality and the structure of speech acts. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers.
Google Scholar
Noveck, Ira (2001). “Where children are more logical than adults: experimental investigations of scalar implicature”. Cognition, 78, 165-188.
Google Scholar
Perry, John (2001/2012). Reference and reflexivity. Stanford, California: CSLI Publications.
Google Scholar
Peterson, Tyler (2010). Epistemic modality and evidentiality in Gitksan at the Semantics- Pragmatics interface. PhD dissertation, The University of British Columbia.
Google Scholar
Potts, Christopher (2007). “Conventional implicatures, a distinguished class of meaning”. In G. Ramchand & C. Reiss (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces (475-501). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Recanati, François (1989). “The pragmatics of what is said”. Mind and Language, 4, 295-329. Reprinted in S. Davis (Ed.) (1991), Pragmatics: a reader (97-120). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Recanati, François (1993). “Availability and the scope principle”. In F. Recanati (Ed.), Direct reference: from language to thought (269-274). Oxford & Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.
Google Scholar
Sarasola, Ibon (1996). Euskal hiztegia. Donostia: Kutxa Gizarte- eta Kultur Fundazioa (2nd edition in 2007, Donostia: Elkar).
Google Scholar
Sauerland, Uli & Mathias Schenner (2007). “Shifting evidentials in Bulgarian”. In E. Puig-Waldm ller (Ed.), Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 11 (525-539). Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Google Scholar
Schenner, Mathias (2008). “Double face evidentials in German: reportative ‘sollen’ and ‘wollen’ in embedded contexts”. In A. Grønn (Ed.), Proceedings of SuB12 (552- 566). Oslo: University of Oslo.
Google Scholar
Schenner, Mathias (2009). “Semantics of evidentials: German reportative modals”. In S. Blaho, C. Constantinescu & B. Le Bruyn (Eds.), Proceedings of ConSOLE XVI (179- 198), Paris. http://media.leidenuniv.nl/legacy/console16-schenner.pdf
Google Scholar
Searle, John R. (1969). Speech acts. An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Soames, Scott (1989). “Presupposition”. In D. Gabbay & F. Guenthner (Eds.), Handbook of philosophical logic. Vol. IV. Topics in the philosophy of language (552- 616). Dordrecht: Reidel.
Google Scholar
Sperber, Dan & Deirdre Wilson (1986/1995). Relevance. Communication & cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Waldie, Ryan; Tyler Peterson; Hotze Rullmann & Scott Mackie (2009). “Evidentials as epistemic modals or speech act operators: testing the tests”. Paper presented at the Workshop on the Structure and Constituency of Languages of the Americas 14, Purdue University.
Google Scholar
Wilson, Deirdre (2011). “The conceptual-procedural distinction: past, present and future”. In V. Escandell-Vidal, M. Leonetti & A. Ahern (Eds.), Procedural meaning: problems and perspectives (Current research in the Semantics/Pragmatics interface, Volume 25) (3-31). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Google Scholar
Zubeldia, Larraitz (2010). ‘Omen’ partikularen azterketa semantikoa eta pragmatikoa. PhD dissertation. UPV-EHU.
Google Scholar
Azurmendi, Joxe (2006). Espainiaren arimaz. Donostia: Elkar.
Google Scholar
Oral corpus. Data collected by the recordings made along with my colleague Asier Aizpurua, in 2001.
Google Scholar
Perurena, Patziku (2004). Harrizko pareta erdiurratuak. Bilbo: Euskaltzaindia.
Google Scholar
Quiroga, Horacio (2009). Eguzki kolpea. Irun; Donostia: Alberdania-Elkar (translator: Jesus Mari Mendizabal).
Google Scholar
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.