What is the ‘Future’ of Greek? Towards a Pragmatic Analysis

Authors

  • Michael Chiou Athens Metropolitan College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0004

Keywords:

pragmatics, neo-Gricean pragmatics, modality, tense, Greek

Abstract

The paper investigates the problems related to futurity and modality in modern Greek. The discussion of Greek temporal future expressions is conducted with reference to relevant literature from the areas of English linguistics, cognitive studies and pragmatics. The focus is on the status of future-oriented expressions and the question whether they are primarily epistemic in nature, whether they are tense-based, or modality-based. It is argued that the future tense in Greek has a modal semantic base conveying epistemic modality and that the preferred future prospective reading is a pragmatic development of the semantic modal base. The author further suggests that the future reading is a kind of presumptive meaning which follows from the neo-Gricean Principle of Informativeness, known as the I-principle (Levinson 2000) being a generalised interpretation which does not depend on contextual information.

Author Biography

Michael Chiou, Athens Metropolitan College

Michael Chiou (BA, MA, PhD in Linguistics). My main research interests are in pragmatics and especially the pragmatics-syntax and pragmatics-semantics interfaces. Current research involves anaphora in Modern Greek and the interpretation of time in language. I have taught and supervised for pragmatics, semantics and syntax at the University of Hertfordshire and the University of Cambridge.

 

References

Abusch, Dorit. (2004). “On the temporal composition of infinitives”. In J. Guéron, & J. Lecarme (Eds.), The Syntax of Time (1–34). Cambridge, Mass, The MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Bybee, Joan L. & Östen Dahl (1989). “The creation of tense and aspect systems in the languages of the world”. Studies in Language, 13.1, 51-103.
Google Scholar

Bybee, Joan L., Revere D. Perkins & William Pagliuca (1994). The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar

Comrie, Bernard (1976). Aspect. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Comrie, Bernard (1985). Tense. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Condoravdi, Clio. (2002). Temporal interpretation for modals. Modals for the present and modals for the past. In D. Beaver al. (eds.), Stanford Papers on Semantics. Stanford: CSLI, 59-87.
Google Scholar

Copley, Bridget (2009). The Semantics of the Future. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar

Dahl, Östen (1985). Tense and Aspect Systems. Oxford: Blackwell.
Google Scholar

Enç, M. (1996). Tense and Modality. In S. Lappin (ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory. Oxford : Blackwell.
Google Scholar

Giannakidou, Anastasia (2009). “The dependency of the subjunctive revisited: temporal semantics and polarity”. Lingua, 120, 1883-1908. DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2008.11.007
Google Scholar

Giannakidou, Anastasia (2012). “The Greek future particle as an epistemic modal”. In Z. Gavriilidou, A. Efthimiou, E. Thomadaki and P. Kambakis-Vougiouklis (Eds.), Proceedings of 10th ICGL (48-61) Democritus University of Thrace.
Google Scholar

Giannakidou, Anastasia & Alda Mari (2012). “A modal analysis of Greek and Italian future morphemes”. Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 17: 255-270.
Google Scholar

Giannakidou, Anastasia & Alda Mari (2013). “A two dimensional analysis of the future: modal adverbs and speaker’s bias”. Proceedings of the Amsterdam Colloquium 2013: 115-122.
Google Scholar

Giannakidou, Anastasia & Alda Mari (2014). The future in Greek and Italian: truth conditional and evaluative dimensions. Ms.
Google Scholar

Grice, Paul (1975). “Logic and Conversation”. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts (41-58). New York: Academic Press.
Google Scholar

Grice, Paul (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd (1995). Agent-oriented vs. epistemic modality: some observations on English modals. In J. Bybee & S. Fleischman (Eds.), Modality in grammar in discourse: Typological Studies in Language 32 (17-53) Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Google Scholar

Holton, David, Mackridge, Peter & Philippaki-Warburton, Irene (1997). Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language. London, Routledge.
Google Scholar

Jaszczolt, M. Kasia (2006). Futurity in Default Semantics. In: K. von Heusinger and K. Turner (Eds.), Where Semantics Meets Pragmatics. (471-492) Oxford: Elsevier.
Google Scholar

Jaszczolt, M. Kasia (2009). Representing Time: An Essay on Temporality as Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar

Jaszczolt, M. Kasia (2011). Time as degrees of epistemic commitment. In: P. Stalmaszczyk (Ed.), Turning Points in the Philosophy of Language and Linguistics. (19-34) Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Google Scholar

Jaszczolt, M. Kasia (2013). Temporality and epistemic commitment: An unresolved question. In: K. Jaszczolt and L. de Saussure (Eds.), Time: Language, Cognition, and Reality. (193-209) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar

Joseph D. Brian (1983). The synchrony and diachrony of the Balkan infinitive. A study in aerial, general and historical linguistics. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics Supplementary Volume. Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Kissine, M. (2008). Why will is not a modal. Natural Language Semantics, 16 (2): 129–55. DOI: 10.1007/s11050-008-9028-0
Google Scholar

Levinson C. Stephen (1987). “ Pragmatics and the grammar of Anaphora: A partial pragmatic reduction of binding and control phenomena”. Journal of Linguistics, 23, 379-434. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700011324
Google Scholar

Levinson C. Stephen (1991). “Pragmatic Reduction of Pragmatic Conditions Revisited”. Journal of Linguistics, 27, 107-161. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700012433
Google Scholar

Levinson, S.C. (1995) ‘Three levels of meaning’, in F.R. Palmer (ed.) Grammar and Meaning. Essays in Honour of Sir John Lyons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Levinson C. Stephen (2000). Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Ludlow, Peter (1999). Semantics, Tense and Time: An Essay in the Metaphysics of Natural Language. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Mackridge, Peter (1985). The Modern Greek Language: A Descriptive Analysis of Standard Modern Greek. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar

Mari, Alda. (2009). The future : how to derive the temporal interpretation. JSM 2009, Paris VII.
Google Scholar

Mari, Alda. (2010). Temporal reasoning and modality. Invited talk Temptypac Workshop, Paris VIII.
Google Scholar

Philippaki-Warburton, Irene (1992). “Η συντακτική ταυτότητα του να”. (255-274). Studies in Greek Linguistics.
Google Scholar

Philippaki-Warburton, Irene (1994). Verb movement and clitics in Modern Greek. In Philippaki-Warburton I., Nicolaidis, K. & Sifianou, M. (eds.), Themes in Greek CLITICS AND DOUBLING (53-60), Current issues in linguistic theory 117. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Google Scholar

Rivero, Maria-Luisa (1994). Clause structure and v-movementin the languagesof the balkans. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 12: 63–120. DOI: 10.1007/BF00992746
Google Scholar

Sarkar, Anoop (1998) "The Conflict Between Future Tense and Modality: The Case of Will in English," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 5: Iss. 2, Article 6.
Google Scholar

Smith, Carlota (1991). The parameter of aspect. Studies on Linguistics and Philosophy 43. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Google Scholar

Squartini, Mario (2004). “Disentangling evidentiality and epistemic modality in Romance”. Lingua, 114: 873-895. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3841(03)00064-0
Google Scholar

Tsangalidis, Anastasios (1999). Will and Tha: a comparative study of the category of the future. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press.
Google Scholar

Veloudis, Jiannis & Philippaki-Warburton, Irene, 1983. The subjunctive in Modern Greek. In Studies in Greek Linguistics. Proceedings of the 4th annual meeting of the Department of Linguistics (151-168). University of Thessaloniki.
Google Scholar

Xidopoulos, Georgios (1996). Tense, aspect and adverbials in Modern Greek. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University College London.
Google Scholar

Downloads

Published

2014-12-30

How to Cite

Chiou, M. (2014). What is the ‘Future’ of Greek? Towards a Pragmatic Analysis. Research in Language, 12(4), 355–375. https://doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0004

Issue

Section

Articles